Sesame wilt
Symptoms are mainly distributed in the sesame cultivation area in the northern and central regions of China and are widespread and serious. Seedling stage, adult stage can be disease. Infested or dying. In the adult stage, there are many diseases. After the onset of disease, the roots and culms are half dead or only the lateral branches are dead. The diseased part is reddish-brown and withered. The diseased leaves turn yellow and wilts, then it dies. It is a typical vascular disease with high humidity. A pink rust layer, the conidiophore and conidia of the pathogen, appeared. The pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami (Xaprometoff) Castellani called Fusarium oxysporum sesame specialization type, is a fungus of the subphylum Fungi. Synonym: F.vasinfectum Atk. var.oxysporum Schlecht., Fusarium vasinfectum var. sesami Zap., F.vasinfectum Atk. Conidia are available in both large and small sizes: large conidia falcate, colorless, with septum 2 -3. Small conidia are ovoid, and cells are colorless. The optimum growth temperature of the bacteria is 30°C. Transmission routes and pathogenic conditions The bacteria latent in the seed or with the disease The body is wintering in the soil. Infestation of seedling roots in the following year, invasion from the root tip or wound, can also directly infect the roots, enter the catheter, and spread upward to the various parts of the plant. Continuous soil, high soil temperature, and high humidity in lofty sand loam are prone to disease. There are differences in disease resistance among varieties. Control methods (1) Selection of resistant varieties such as Ningjin Bajubai, Juye Dazuzu, Jinxiang Sesame, Pingyu White Sesame, Rongcheng Black Sesame, Jimo Sesame and so on. (2) Take 3-5 years of rotation. Immediately remove the diseased body after harvest. (3) Use disease-free seeds or seeds to soak seeds with 0.5% 96% copper sulfate for 30 minutes. (4) Pay attention to the control of underground pests. (5) Cultivation with mulching can reduce the incidence. (6) It is reported abroad that chlorothalonil is better for soil treatment.
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