Scientific and rational utilization of "energy" in ecological fermentation bed
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1. During the construction process of housing, it is possible to adopt a double structure or cover grass curtains, and use color steel plates, hollow bricks, etc. to strengthen the insulation measures of the housing. 2. The sheds adopt the north-south position structure. The winter is sunny, which is conducive to the ventilation and warming of the sheds. Doors and windows should be opened and closed. During the sunny day, ventilation should be observed. In the evening, cold and high winds, attention should be paid to closing or semi-closed doors and windows. 3. For the northern regions, especially the north-west and northwest regions, the winter temperatures are generally minus tens of degrees, and the thickness of the litter can be properly increased to enhance the fermentation strength. For example, the conventional fermentation bed requires only a thickness of 50 cm, which can be used in winter. Increase the thickness of the bedding by 10 cm to achieve a thickness of 60 cm. 4. For pigs that have already established fixed-point excrement and urine habits and do not like arching, they should do at least one turn per week. Embed 10-20 cm below the surface of the litter, avoid excrement on the bed surface, resulting in abnormal fermentation or fermentation. 5. The culture density should be controlled at 1.2-1.5m2/head to avoid excessive soaking of the fermentation bed due to manure. 6, in the winter due to large temperature difference between inside and outside the housing, a large number of water vapor encountered cold glass, plastic sheeting, or tin roof, the formation of drops of water droplets down to the bed, this situation should pay attention to daytime ventilation, the release of water vapor Drop it.
The heat generated in the fermentation bed is preserved through reasonable measures and can form a great energy economic value. For pigs grown on a fermentation bed, the pig's body temperature is normally 37-39 degrees because the temperature of the house is maintained at 15-25 degrees. According to the different stages of the pig, the optimum growth temperature range is: lactating sows (10-21.1), Newborn piglets (32 to 37.7), 3 weeks old piglets (23.8 to 29.4), pre-nursery piglets (23.8 to 29.4), late nursery piglets (21.1 to 26.6), growing pigs (5.5 to 21.1), growing pigs, pregnant mothers Pigs and boars (10.0 to 21.1); we use growing pigs as an example, the suitable growth temperature is 10-21.1 degrees, the ambient temperature is too low, pigs need to consume more energy for heat production to maintain their body temperature, Reduced daily weight gain and increased feed intake, resulting in lower feed conversion rates. Practice has proved that when the temperature is reduced to 10 degrees Celsius and 5 degrees Celsius, the pig's feed intake increased by 10% and 20%, respectively, while the weight gain instead decreased; when the growth and finishing pigs are below the lower critical temperature, the temperature dropped by 1 degree The daily weight loss decreased by 11-20% and the daily consumption increased by 25-35%. Taking the Baoding area of ​​Hebei Province as an example, every year from mid-November to March of the following year, the temperature is below 10 degrees for nearly four months, and the temperature of traditional cement sheds is generally below 10 degrees. The temperature is generally above 15 degrees, and the user can estimate how much money the fermented bed saves on the whole winter-saving feed and more pork!
The energy produced by using the fermentation bed can be used to provide energy for the pigs (and not limited to pigs, ducks, geese, cows and sheep). In the cold winter, the traditional way to maintain the right temperature for the piglet is to put the piglet in a warming bed and set a hot plate on the bed, and use electric energy to heat it. The proper temperature can increase the survival rate and weaning weight of the piglet. However, energy does not always bring favorable aspects. In some cases, it should be distributed as soon as it is not needed, otherwise it will have a negative effect. In summer, the house does not need excessive heat. This is like the fact that drinking water is very valuable when drinking, but too much water, such as prolonged rain or flooding, flooding, flooding, the water is a disaster, which is the same reason. Therefore, when there is no need for heat, the fermentation bed should reduce the heat release by adjusting the fermentation intensity, and at the same time, effective measures should be taken for effective dissipation of excess heat. According to the practice of technicians for many years, the following measures should be taken during the summer to release or disperse the excess heat.
1. The structure of the house is made of heat-insulating material, such as construction of pig houses with materials such as color steel plates and hollow bricks to prevent the sun from directly heating the house.
2, enhance ventilation and air permeability, pay attention to open the door to open the door to breathe, increase air mobility, conditions can be in the pigs, or the top of the housing installation exhaust fan or ventilation fan, the general power of about 100 watts, the price is less than 1,000 yuan It can be switched on intermittently during cool summer or hot weather. This method performs best when executed.
3, increase the number of overturning, the fall is not only conducive to the escape of heat, in the above space has been said, but also conducive to the evaporation of water.
4. The height of the shed should not be less than 2.5 meters. A ceiling fan or an exhaust fan can be added at the top to intermittently turn on the air during the hot weather to stir the air.