Jute anthrax

Symptoms damage seedlings and adults. It is an important disease of the round fruit species of jute. The diseased stem base of the seedling stage produces a brownish brown lesion that collapses and eventually causes wilting to die off. Adult leaves infected with leaf scars, dark brown or black irregular depression dry spots, up to several centimeters, the disease surface is a small black spot, that is, pathogenic conidia plate. The lesions on the leaves are nearly round or irregular, dark brown, spreading black along the veins. Adult stems are infected with diseased, slightly dark brownish lesions, usually not deeper into the fibrous layer, nor do they produce conidial discs. The fruit-dyeing lesions are black, and when severe, they extend to the whole fruit or invade the seed, so that the seed cannot develop normally.

The pathogen, Colletotrichum corchorum Ikata et Tanaka, called jute anthracis, belonging to the fungus Deinophyta spp. Conidia discs 100-35020-50 (μm) in size, setose brown, straight or slightly curved, with 2-5 septa, size 36-1173.6-5 (μm). Conidiophores are colorless, short-barreled, size 15-353-4 (μm). The conidia unit cells are colorless, crescent-shaped, size 12-253.6-6 (μm). The optimum growth temperature of pathogenic bacteria is 25-30°C, and the conidial formation temperature is 30-32°C, and the optimum pH is 5.5-6.5. Conidia germinate by moisturizing for 4 hours and appressorium occurs after 16 hours. Mycelium and conidia were lethal at 50°C for 10 minutes.

Transmission routes and pathogenic conditions The germs latent in the seed or attached to the seed or overwintering with the sick tissue become the source of infestation early in the year. The mycelia in the seeds are mostly inner epidermis and extra-endosperm. The conidia produced by the disease department spread and reinfected through wind and rain. In the infection, the spores first form a septum, and a germ tube is generated from one end or both ends, an appressorium is formed at the tip of the germ tube, and the invading filaments are extracted from the agglutinate cells to invade and expand through the gaps of the host epidermal cells, and the incubation is performed for 3 days. See disease. The production of high temperature and humidity in the weather, low-lying, partial application, over-application of nitrogen fertilizer and susceptible to disease for many years. The long fruit species of jute is more resistant to round fruits.

Control methods (1) Selection of disease-resistant and high-product species. (2) For seed disinfection methods, see Black Point Anthrax on jute. (3) Strengthen management of Ma Tian. Formula fertilization techniques are used to achieve reasonable fertilization. The application of potassium and calcium in production can reduce the incidence, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are prone to onset. After the rain, drain the drains in time to prevent moisture from staying. (4) Chemical control See black spotted anthracnose on jute. In addition, foreign reports spraying 0.1% Anguo organophosphate insecticide brake tanning agent can significantly reduce the incidence, production can be tested.

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