Eye of Medical Electronics: Research Focus of Biosensors
First, the origin of biosensor research In the 1960s, Updike and Hicks assembled a glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilization membrane and an oxygen electrode, and first made the first biosensor, the glucose enzyme electrode. By the 1980s, the field of biosensor research had basically taken shape. The landmark event was: 1985, the International Journal of Biosensors was launched in the UK; in 1987, the classic book of biosensors was published in Oxford Press; in 1990, the first World Biosensor Academic Conference was held in Singapore and was confirmed. Biosensors are a very active field of research and engineering technology. They are in the intersection of life sciences and information sciences, along with bioinformatics, biochips, biocontrol, bionics, and bio-computers. Their common features are: exploring and revealing the basic laws of the generation, storage, transmission, processing, transformation and control of information in the living system, and exploring the basic methods applied to human economic activities. The research focus of biosensor technology is: extensive application of various bioactive materials combined with sensors, research and development of transducers with identification functions, and the original technology for the manufacture of new analytical instruments and analytical methods, research and development of their application. The range of bioactive material objects used in biosensors includes biomacromolecules, cells, organelles, tissues, organs, and the like, as well as synthetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). The identification technology of DNA molecules or protein molecules has formed an independent field of biochips (DNA chips, protein chips). The substance to be tested is diffused into the biologically active material, and after molecular recognition, a biological reaction occurs, and the generated information is then converted into a quantifiable and processable electrical signal by a corresponding physical or chemical transducer, and then amplified by a secondary instrument. And output, you can know the concentration of the analyte. Third, the type of biosensor (1) According to the classification of living substances used in the susceptor, it can be divided into: microbial sensor, immunosensor, tissue sensor, cell sensor, enzyme sensor, DNA sensor and the like. (2) According to the principle of sensor device detection, it can be divided into: thermal biosensor, FET biosensor, piezoelectric biosensor, optical biosensor, acoustic channel biosensor, enzyme electrode biosensor, mediator biosensor, etc. . (3) According to the type of interaction of bio-sensitive substances, it can be divided into affinity type and metabolism type. Fourth, the characteristics of biosensors (1) The immobilized bioactive material is used as a catalyst, and the expensive reagent can be repeatedly used repeatedly, which overcomes the disadvantages of high cost of the enzymatic analysis reagent and complicated and complicated chemical analysis. (2) It has strong specificity and only reacts to specific substrates, and is not affected by color and turbidity. (3) The analysis speed is fast and the result can be obtained in one minute. (4) High accuracy, the general relative error can reach 1%. (5) The operating system is relatively simple and easy to implement automatic analysis. (6) The cost is low. When used continuously, each sample requires only a few cents. (7) Some biosensors can reliably indicate the oxygen supply conditions and the production of by-products in the microorganism culture system. V. Introduction to today's biosensors (1) SPR biosensor. The typical representative product of biosensor for drug analysis is SPR biosensor, which is a surface membrane resonance analysis, which is a technique for real-time measurement of biomolecular binding. It was introduced by Pharmacia in the early 1990s and analyzed by antigen-antibody binding. For example, immobilizing an antigen (or antibody) on the surface of a gold foil of a chip by surface chemistry, and then allowing the antibody (or antigen) to flow through the antigen-antibody will change the liquid properties of the surface of the film, thereby affecting the resonance properties of the gold foil, and this change can be real-time. Detected and recorded (this is called the combined phase). If the buffer is allowed to flow, the bound antibody (or antigen) will dissociate and be taken away, which also changes the liquid properties on the surface of the membrane. The detected and recorded change in the resonance property of the gold foil is the dissociation phase. It is mainly used for the identification of molecularly active groups of drugs in the development of some new drugs. Function ImgZoom(Id)//Reset the image size to prevent breaking the table {var w = $(Id).width;var m = 650;if(w < m){return;}else{var h = $(Id) .height;$(Id).height = parseInt(h*m/w);$(Id).width = m;}}window.onload = function(){var Imgs = $("content").getElementsByTagName( "img");var i=0;for(;i (2) Immobilized enzyme biosensor analyzer. The immobilized enzyme biosensor analyzer is the first and most accurate biosensor. The most important services for immobilized enzyme biosensors include: clinical, food analysis, fermentation industry control, environmental monitoring, and defense safety testing. For example, in the amino acid industry of the fermentation industry (monosodium glutamate, aspartic acid, alanine, lysine, etc.), the antibiotic industry (on-line monitoring and control system for glucose, etc.), and the alcohol industry (alcohol biosensors can obtain results in 1 minute) , enzyme preparation industry (rapid analysis of saccharification enzymes), starch sugar industry (analysis of glucose, starch, glucoamylase), biological cell culture (glucose, lactic acid, glutamine analysis), monitoring of microbial desulfurization cell culture in petrochemical industry, vitamin C The production of bio-sensors is one of the important ways to transform bio-processing enterprises. The online biosensor analysis is a new tool for establishing production simulation systems and real-time detection. (3) Blood glucose-lactic acid biosensing automatic analyzer. A sample tray with automatic identification of the position of the tube, a sampling system for automatically metering the sample, and a corresponding biosensing sensitive membrane. Assembled into a complete machine, a new biosensor that can achieve micro-sampling, fast response, high precision, and fully automated operation. (4) High-precision blood glucose analyzer. The high-precision blood glucose analyzer is a biosensor analyzer using an immobilized enzyme. Its sub-accuracy can reach 0.5 to 2%, which is almost an order of magnitude higher than that of home health biosensors, and is 2 to 3 percentage points higher than the current medical biochemical analyzer. This is very important in the field of blood glucose analysis and they can be used as standard methods for blood glucose analysis. Especially when there is a quality accident in the palm-type blood glucose analyzer that is marketed, the immobilized enzyme glucose biosensor analyzer can be used as an ideal arbitration tool when another convincing analytical method is needed to prove its analysis results. They can be used as both medical-type analyzers and as process monitoring, food analysis, and research tools in the biotechnology industry. A variety of enzyme sensors research and development are relatively mature, and have formed commodities. 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