High yield and quality cultivation
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Cockroaches are perennial Solanaceae deciduous shrubs. Its leaves, fruit roots, and skins have a wide range of medicinal properties. Strong resistance to stress, water and fertilizer resistance, suitable for drought, sand, salt and alkali cultivation, but also a good tree garden economy; the result is long, the year of colonization to 50 years can be a result, 3 to 4 years can enter the full fruit period, generally It can produce more than 3,000 kilograms of dried fruit per hectare. Its fruit contains a variety of organic and nutrient components, and it has functions of nourishing the kidney, nourishing the liver, improving eyesight, promoting blood circulation, and preventing cancer. 1 Select good breed. There are many species of earthworms, and there are nearly 10 species in Xinjiang alone. In order to achieve high quality and high yields, we should do a good job in selecting seeds. In the middle and middle months of the month, on the leaves or cannabis leaf plants that are green in color, short in fruit branches, stout, less in spines, robust in growth, and free from pests, they are picked and matured, and the fruit size is large, the fruit color is bright, and contains Sugar-rich fruits are reserved for seed use. Rub the fruit down, add fresh water to pan, rinse the skin and flesh, filter the juice, wash the seeds clean, and dry them in a dry and well-ventilated place. Also on this cultivar can be selected short, color, strong growth, bud eyes full, no pests, cut into 20 cm long, ready for cutting seedlings. It is also possible to dig roots and shoots directly under the trees of fine varieties for colonization. 2 Breeding strong seedlings. Choose fertile sandy loam as a nursery, apply 6-75 thousand kilograms of organic fertilizer per hectare, and pour water. The area of ​​small oysters is 10-20 m2. It is sown in April and the seeding rate is 1500-2250 g. Open the surface of a 4 cm wide ditch, 1 cm deep in the ditch, and mix the seed with 10 times fine sand into the ditch, cover the fine wet earth 0.5 cm, and then cover it with damp rags to prevent running. The row spacing is 10 cm 40 cm, and there are 225,000 seedlings per hectare. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, loose soil weeding and inter- and fixed seedlings work. When the seedling grows to 60 cm in height, all young shoots below 50 cm will be wiped off. When the height of growth reaches 75 cm, the heart will be plucked to form a robust seedling. 3 reasonably close planting. In late March to early April, the ridge planting method was used for planting on both sides of the ditch. The plant spacing was 1.5m 2m, and about 3300 plants were planted per hectare, digging pits 40cm, 40cm, and 40cm. The pits were applied 2 to 3 cm thick and Prepare mature farmyard fertilizer with mature soil, cover 10 cm of mature soil with fertilizer, and erect erect and robust seedlings with 3 to 5 fibrous roots in the pit. Cover with soil, pragmatically, timely irrigation, and improve survival. rate. 4 tillage weeding. Every year in April and September, the spring turns and the autumn turns are performed, and the depth is 20 cm. 5 to July 4 to 6 times of cultivator weeding, depth of 6 to 8 cm. It is beneficial to eliminate pests and weeds, loosen soil, and ensure normal growth and development of earthworms. In addition to the melon, beet or dwarf crops that were planted in the garden during the year of planting, it is forbidden to make other crops. 5 fertilizer water management. The result of this analysis is divided into two types, Xiaguo and Qiuguo. Therefore, the effect of fertilizer and water on the yield and quality of alfalfa is very important. More than three years (full fruit period), the annual amount of fertilization per hectare (8 to 9 times) must ensure that 350 kg of urea, 3000 kg of DAP or three-material superphosphate, and 37,000 kg of high quality manure. According to germination, flowering, fruit topdressing before the expansion, and applied in the fall 1 base fertilizer. Digging or digging an annular ditch at a distance of 20 to 60 cm from the trunk according to the age of the tree, depth 20 to 30 cm, applying the fertilizer to the pit or ditch, applying the back cover to the earth, and timely filling the water. In addition to deep fertilization on the surface, foliar spray fertilizer also has a significant effect on increasing grain weight. Sprayed four times in the first result period from June to July and two times in the second result period from August to September. For each hectare of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 750 to 1500 grams, add 750 grams of urea, 750 kilograms of water, in the bud stage 15 pieces (5 milliliters) plus no 750 kilograms. In addition to timely irrigation after topdressing and requiring irrigation after each fruit picking, irrigation is usually performed once every 12 days, and irrigation is conducted 7 days per day during the picking period. Each time the amount of water is about 600 to 900 m3, and it is filled with summer water. Water should be filled. 6 shaping pruning. Pruning and pruning have a great effect on regulating reproductive growth and vegetative growth. The results of the annual and biennial results are the strongest, and the perennial and biennial spring branches are the best. Grasping the habits of these results has an important guiding role in rational pruning. Pruning principle: Trimming consists of shaping and pruning. The use of reasonable pruning can effectively improve the internal ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree canopy, and has an important role in accelerating the formation of the enlarged tree canopy and balancing the tree vigor. The tree grows robustly, enhances resistance, increases fruiting shoots, makes new shoots prosperous, prevents leggy and premature aging, regulates the relationship between growth and results, and promotes flower bud differentiation. So that the early results of early saplings, early high yield, so that high yield and stable production of trees, prolong the full fruit period, improve fruit quality. The tree shape after shaping can be divided into evacuation layered shape, natural happy shape, and natural plexiform shape. The requirements for pruning are different for different tree types and different tree ages. But no matter what, the year after the planting is required, it is necessary to rationally shape the tree according to the idea of ​​tree shape, so that the main trunk, main branch, side branch, and branchlet can be clearly distinguished. A quail can be roughly divided into 3 to 5 layers, each layer spacing 25 cm, the tree was semi-circular, the tree height of 1.6 meters, about 1.5 meters of the crown. It is required to cultivate more fruiting branches, cut off non-productive shoots, and master the principle of pruning three to three to stay, that is, to stay old, stay sick, stay strong, and stay strong, so that the resulting branches are evenly distributed in the crown. Operation process: In the year after planting, the plastic surgery is performed according to the growth condition of the seedlings. There are three tree trimming methods. Evacuation layered shape: set about 50 centimeters high, there is a central trunk, the top of the bud less than 20 cm germination or branches erased. In the top 20 cm, choose to stay 3 main branches, each about 10 centimeters apart, as the first layer, leaving 2 to 3 branches per main branch, wait until the next year and select 2 to 3 in the trunk upwards. The main branch, as the second layer, also leaves 2 to 3 collateral branches on the branches, and so on, leaving 3 to 5 layers. The main branch of the uppermost branch can be reduced by one. The tree is as high as 1.6 meters and the crown diameter is about 1.5 meters. This tree is formed early. Stout, large amount of fruit. Natural happy shape: set 20 centimeters high, no obvious center trunk, choose 3 main branches at the dry base, each about 15 centimeters apart, the angle is 30 or so, and reserve 2 or 3 interlaces on each main branch. The lateral branches were distributed, and the lateral branches were about 30 cm apart. Several oblique twigs are reserved on the main lateral branch, which can be formed in 2 to 3 years. The tree is well ventilated and light, with early results, high yield, and good quality. This shaping method is easy, the amount of pruning is small, and the management is convenient. Natural plexiform shape: no central trunk, 3 to 4 main stems directly from the ground, each main branch is interlaced with 3 to 4 side branches, except for the first side branch 40 to 50 cm away from the base of the main branch, the other side branches are spaced from each other About 30 centimeters, select the remaining branchlets on the main lateral branch. This tree is well ventilated and light-transmitting, which can make full use of space to achieve three-dimensional results. Pruning and shaping are inseparable. Pruning is divided into autumn cuts, spring cuts, and summer cuts. The requirements for pruning and cutting after one-year, two-year and three-year students are different and should be strictly controlled. Autumn pruning: The time is from mid-October to mid-November, according to the requirement of three to three stays, cut the branches except for productive branches, and update the result branches. This will increase the nutrient reserve of the plant and increase the amount of results for the next year. Pruning in spring: The time is from late March to early April. It mainly compensates for insufficient pruning in the autumn of last year. It cuts dry and barbed branches in winter and branches need to be thinned to further improve the lighting conditions inside the crown. For the two-year-old crickets, when the annual branches are cut in spring, the main twigs are 30 to 40 cm long, the collaterals are about 20 cm long, and the small twigs on the main lateral branches are 8 to 10 cm long. The twigs are larger at the gaps. The key to the outcome rate is mainly the retention of biennial branches. The main lateral branches are 40-50 cm long, and the branchlets are 20-30 cm long. Leave a branch every 15 centimeters on the lateral branches to cultivate the resulting branches. Through the trimmed plants, the crown has been shaped. Summer pruning: time is from 6 to 8 months, the main cutting shear, saw the mouth and the main branch, trunk, root sprout, root and leggy branches to reduce nutrient consumption. However, attention should be paid to retaining the auxiliary result branch for supplementary space as the main branch. When the newly planted cockroaches send out secondary branches, the newly-produced shoots of the old cockroaches should be picked up in time when they grow to 40-60 centimeters or when the branches that grow in the crown space reach 20-30 centimeters; Excessive shoots should be brushed in advance to eliminate germination, so that the nutrition can be concentrated and promote the three-dimensional flowering results inside and outside the canopy. It also promoted the emergence of more new shoots in the lower and middle branches of these shoots, and resulted in more fruiting branches and branches, which was effective in improving the output of the beak. It has a good effect on extending the number of years of results. 7 pest control of bird pests. Cockroach diseases include epidemic diseases, anthrax, root rot, black rot, mildew disease, and fluid injection. Pests are negative mud insects, cockroaches, fleas, wood lice, locusts, red spiders and so on. Birds have black birds, sparrows and so on. Mainly to strengthen the management of gardens to promote the growth of tree vigor; when the fruit is ripe, strengthen the care; eliminate clean garden fields, protect and use natural enemies. In the event of serious pests and diseases, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides can be used for the prevention and control of pesticides such as dioscoreclopramide, omethoate, dichlorvos, zeosin, and Bordeaux mixture. 8 harvest processing. Harvesting should be done at any time and at any time, lightly picking, placing little touch on the branches, and avoiding falling fruits. Sheng Sheng basket can only be installed 20 to 30 cm thick, can not squeeze, and timely wash with 3% to 4% sodium carbonate solution. The soaked pods were promptly distributed on bamboo curtains 1.2 meters wide and 2 meters long, with a thickness of 1.5-2 cm. Pay attention not to turn at this time. When it rains, it must be covered with a plastic sheet. The rain should fall on the loquat fruit until it is dried to increase the value of the product. After the capsules are dried in the sun, the impurities are removed and the packaging is graded.