Biopesticidal active ingredients are naturally derived substances that are increasingly recognized for their environmental benefits and effectiveness. These biological pesticides are primarily categorized into three groups: plant-based, animal-based, and microbe-based. Each type offers unique advantages in sustainable pest management. Plant-based pesticides are highly valued for their biodegradability and low environmental impact, making them a preferred choice in the development of eco-friendly agricultural solutions. They include a wide range of products such as plant-derived insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and photo-activated mold toxins. Notable examples from nature include the *Boluohui* insecticidal compounds, pyrethrins, nicotine, and rotenone, which are produced by plants like *Chrysanthemum* and *Derris*. Animal-based biopesticides mainly consist of toxins extracted from creatures such as spiders, wasps, and polychaetes. Among these, insect virus-based pesticides have gained significant attention globally. Countries like the United States, the UK, France, Russia, Japan, and India have extensively adopted these products. Over 40 different types of insect virus pesticides are currently registered, manufactured, and used worldwide, offering a safe and effective alternative to chemical pesticides. Microbial-based pesticides utilize microorganisms or their metabolic products to control pests and diseases. One of the most well-known is *Bacillus thuringiensis* (Bt), which is widely regarded as the most popular and longest-used biopesticide globally. It is also one of the highest-yield biological agents in the market. In addition, entomopathogenic fungi play a crucial role in managing specific pests, such as pine caterpillars and rice black stinkbugs. Fungal metabolites like *cyclosporin* and synthetic derivatives such as *Bataan* or *Shandandan* are commonly used in agricultural practices due to their strong insecticidal properties. With growing concerns about environmental safety and health risks associated with synthetic chemicals, biopesticides continue to gain momentum as a viable and sustainable solution for modern agriculture.

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