Comprehensive measures to prevent and control vegetable pests and diseases
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As the planting area of ​​vegetables expands year by year, the multiple cropping index further increases, and the varieties become more abundant. As a result, the incidence of vegetable pests and diseases is increasing year by year, and the difficulty of prevention and control is increased. When pests and diseases enter into a large area or are harmed to a high degree, the difficulty and cost of prevention and control will increase correspondingly. Therefore, the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases should be based on prevention, prevention and control, comprehensive control, control of pests and diseases to a lower extent, reduce the cost of prevention and control, and also ensure the quality and safety of vegetable products. Rotation of paddy-upland rotations and rotation of crop rotations and rotations of varieties are mainly to reduce the continuous damage caused by infectious infectious pathogenic bacteria in the soil, such as Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phytophthora infestans. Soil-borne disease-causing crops (such as melons, beans, peanut blight, eggplant bacterial wilt, etc.), these crops are basically continuous infections. Especially for many years of vegetable cultivation, soil is severely compacted, malnutrition is unbalanced, plant growth is easily affected, resistance is reduced, and it is susceptible to infection by soil-borne latent pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the rotation of crops in conditional farming. Seed treatment bacteria can be latent, attached to the seed body or a small amount of seeds to carry the virus, the seed begins to germinate when the damage, through the seed treatment can effectively kill the above sources, improve the safety of seed production. First, warm soup soaking with a temperature of about 55 °C, seed amount of 5-6 times warm water soaking for about 1 hour, can effectively sterilize and promote germination. Second, the liquid soaking or dressing 1, exterminate fungi such as downy mildew, disease, anthrax, blight and other diseases, 50% carbendazim available 500 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times, 41 % special effects Sterilization king 3000 times soaking seeds for 1-2 hours, or with 2.5% Shilokaku, 50% Fujimi double, 95% green hen No. 1, 80% green hen No. 2, 90% epimedium and other seed dressing. 2. Kill pathogens such as bacterial wilt, bacterial blight (fire leaf), keratopathia, soft rot, black rot and other disease sources, available 77% kill 600 times, 41% kill 3,000 times, etc. (Note: Agricultural streptomycin, neomycin, soaking seed germicidal effect is better, but cautiously used crucifer seed soaking, anti-phytotoxicity) soaking for 1-2 hours, or with 47% Garrinone, 50% Fujimi double , 50% DT and other seed dressing. 3, killing diseases such as mosaic virus (commonly known as "playing dog ears"), can be used 10% trisodium phosphate soaked for 30 minutes. Planting Prevention 1. Disposal of rammed soil 5 days before planting, about 100 kilograms of quicklime powder is removed from the surface of the mulberry soil, and there is a certain degree of inhibition and killing effect on the source of soil-borne diseases. Second, colonization water preparation to prevent infectious diseases, such as damping-off disease, blight, root rot, wilt disease, etc., can be used 70% of enemies 500 times, or 50% strong seedlings 1000 times, 70% meth 500 times in Bujin, 95% in Greenhenge 1, 3000 times, and 50% in Fumei, 600 times in double, etc. Seedling-preventing seedling stage is the most fragile stage of vegetable growth. The disease resistance is weak, soil-borne diseases and exogenous diseases are easy to invade, pests are also more serious, and all varieties of vegetables require more than 4 times prevention of pest spraying. First, fungal diseases are less harmful to the prevention of bacterial diseases in the seedling stage, and fungal diseases are the enemy. Such as tumbling, standing, root rot and other diseases, medication can be used thiophanate-methyl, root rot spirit, strong Miao security, enemy Kesong, agricultural resistance 120, Greenheng 1, 2nd, Fumei double, according to water multiples Leaching or spraying, this measure can play a preventive role in wilt disease, blight, etc., produced by older plants. Second, the virus disease (to fight dog ears) prevention According to the field survey, the recent virus disease has aggravated the trend of disease, has risen to the enemy of vegetable production, damage most varieties of vegetables, serious reduction of up to 50% (such as zucchini, pepper, etc. ). Medications can be used Xiaoyeling, antiviral No. 1, virus A, phytopathogenic spirit, viral amide, morpholine quinone, etc., according to spray water multiple spray. Third, sucking pests prevention, such as thrips, aphids, aphids, etc., in addition to sucking plant juices affect the growth, but they are also vectors of viral diseases, virus transfer with insects can cause cross-infection and spread of the virus. The use of imidacloprid (Dai Gong Chen, Yu Jing net, etc.), Ozark, calendar, etc., combined with the above anti-virus disease measures with the spray. Fourth, the prevention of gnat-feeding pests such as hanging wireworms and noctuids is particularly important for the seedling stage of vegetables. Medicinal drugs such as fipronil, avermectins, roxenzine, worms, diflubenzuron, veterinary health, and gold can be used. M. et al. require rotational use of drugs to reduce the resistance of lepidopteran insects. Medium-term prevention, such as melon beans, eggplants before and after the flowering period, mainly to prevent melon beans wilt disease, blight, downy mildew, disease, eggplant bacterial wilt, virus disease. First, the prevention of fungal diseases such as melon beans wilt disease, blight, etc., can be used wilt Rickett, enemy cough, root rot spirit, green Hunter 1, No. 2, such as shower spray; melon vegetable downy mildew, diseases, etc. It can be sprayed with Rhizoctonia Mn-Zn, Escherichia coli, rot rot, Precle, Bioclast, and Infectious Cream, etc., and used about 4 times in the initial flowering period (5 days for each application interval), and in the middle and late stages. Fungal diseases play a certain preventive role. 2. Bacterial Disease Prevention Such as bacterial wilt is the enemy of the production of eggplant vegetables, and most of them occur before and after the initial flowering period. Before the flowering period, pesticides such as streptomycin, prochlorant, and neomycin can be used for irrigation or spray prevention. Medications are about 4 times (5 days for each administration interval); In addition, cruciferous black rot and soft rot can be sprayed with the above medications during the early growth phase, with about 3 consecutive doses (interval 5 days) In the case of high temperature and high humidity, melon bacterial angular leaf spot and bean vaccine (fire leaf) are prone to occur, and the preventive effects such as using can kill, Garinong are obvious. Third, the virus prevention and control methods with the seedling stage prevention, medication for the compound drug, that is, the virus disease medication plus stab-resistance insect drugs, appropriate foliar spray with spray, control effect is even better. 4. Insect pest prevention mainly targets lepidopteran pests, such as bean aphids (bean pods, wild pheasants), tobacco moth (twill, silver streaks, beet armyworm), diamondback moth (also known as hanging wireworms) and other lepidopteran pests. Can be used Rospensin, Xingnong, avermectin, fipronil, chlorpheniramine, etc., requiring rotation of medication (Note: soybean meal control spray requirements in the morning when the flower bud flowering time). The late-stage fruit picking vegetables mainly prevent anthracnose, diseases (including early and late epidemics, etc.), and leaves of the general variety to prevent leaf spot (including ring veins, brown spots, erythema, gray mold, etc.), powdery mildew, and rust. Anthracnose, disease, and leaf spot prevention can be used for M45, thiophanate-methyl, antibacterial bacteria, thiram, rot, spirit, etc.; powdery mildew, rust prevention can be used for Le Bi-tillage, additional rice Su), Lekkimycin, triadimefon (triazole) and so on.