Coffee cultivation technology

First, cultivate healthy beans
1. The choice of nursery land is close to the water source, convenient transportation, loose soil and fertile soil, deep soil, well-drained loam or sandy loam soil, PH field of 6-6.5 paddy field or early as a nursery, and close to the coffee garden. Deepen the ground by 0.20-30.30 meters, remove the ridges and remove the stones. The width of the ridge is 1.0-1.2 meters long, about 10 meters long, and the rot of the farmyard manure is crushed and crushed, 3000 kilograms per mu. Soil and fertilizer are all used as nutritious soil for bagging. The nutrition bag size is 0.15 0 .20 meters. The nutrient soil is put into a bag. Each row of 12 bags is placed neatly, upright, and 6 to 7 can be placed per acre. 10,000 plants, shaded by a 4m pile planting shade pillars, 2. 0 meters shade density of 75-85%, need to be fenced around the shade, nursery is completed.
2. The preparation and seeding of the germinating bed will have been meticulously fined and fertilized with a spacing of 0.50 m, a width of 1.20 m, a height of 0.15-0.20 m. After adding 0.05 to 0.10m thick Jiangsha, it is sufficient to plant 7963 new varieties, pay 5,000 seeds per kilogram of seed, soak it in warm water at 40-45°C for 2-3 minutes, then soak in fresh water for 24 hours, and then remove it. The seed is sown uniformly on the sand bed so that it is not suitable for accumulation. The seeding rate is 0.50-0.60 kg/m2, and the wood is pressed into the sand to cover 0.01-0.02 m of sand and then covered with straw. Watering. 80 days after sowing, the seeds were unearthed and watered regularly before being excavated to prevent drought. The seedlings were promptly uncovered after unearthing.
3. Management of Seedlings after Transplanting Nutritional Bags Pest control is carried out before transplanting and bagging. Carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl are used to prevent and control seedling blight, and dimethoate is used to prevent and control diseases and pests. When the seedlings of cotyledons fully develop, that is, Can be transplanted. Before the emergence of the seedlings, the water should be soaked to reduce the damage to the roots when the seedlings emerge, and the stable and robust seedlings of the cotyledons should be selected. The buckets or pots shall be used to hold the water 0.10 meters. The seedlings shall be placed neatly in the containers to preserve the freshness, and the seedlings will be filled with nutritious soil. The nutritional bags are soaked with water. After the seedlings are inserted into the nutritional bags, they are required to be straightened. Root water is poured after planting. During the nursery, we should pay attention to removing weeds and preventing pests and diseases. We must apply 2-3 times of human urine excrement, dilute and pour water in a ratio of 1:3, and spray once with 0.5% of Yunda 120 foliar, when plant height is 0 . 15 meters true leaves can be transplanted 4-5 pairs, before transplanting for 2-3 weeks of hardening seedlings.
Second, the coffee field opened
1. The excavation quality of excavation planting trenches affects the soil and water conservation in coffee fields, the implementation of agricultural technical measures, the growth of coffee trees and the production of coffee trees, and must be implemented in earnest. Excavation method, gentle slope can be excavated from the slope down to the slope, and steep slopes should be excavated from the slope to the slope, you can minimize the ditch of the soil rolling into the next ditch. The specifications of the planting ditch are 0.60 m wide at the mouth, 0.4 m wide at the end, and 0.5 m deep. During the excavation, the topsoil on the surface of the trenches was excavated. Stacked above the ditch, and then dug the bottom of the ditch dug under the ditch, below the ditch depth prevail, the roots of the planting ditch, the stone needs to be cleared out, the trees between the platforms should be preserved, not free to cut. The time of excavation is from October to February in spring, and it should end by May at the latest.
2, back to earth, building platform in the 15-30 days before planting back to earth, the first back to the soil thickness of 0. 20 meters, and then increase the application of farmyard manure 1500 kg + 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer, base fertilizer evenly stirred. After the second time the soil was returned to the tank, the flat ladder was used to make the bench 1.20 meters wide and the inclining table 2 to 3 degrees. After the countertops are finished, the lime powder is evenly spread on the countertops in order to adjust the pH value of the soil, enhance the activity of the soil microorganisms, and increase the effectiveness of the mineral nutrients in the soil.
3. The specifications for digging holes and applying base fertilizer to planting a hole are generally 0.40m 0.40m 0. 30m, and each hole before planting is applied with 0.10-0.25kg of calcium phosphate, under conditions, 3-5kg of organic fertilizer is applied per hole. Fertilizer and acupuncture soil are fully mixed, otherwise the coffee seedlings will become fat after colonization.
Third, the timing of coffee planting and planting selection in the rainy season from June to July, the day of planting is cloudy or light rainy days, can be planted throughout the day, if the day of planting is sunny, should be before 11 am and 4:30 pm After planting.
Seedlings should choose 4-5 pairs of true leaves, a height of 0.15 meters or more, and no branching healthy seedlings. Plant spacing is 1 m 2 m, planting 333 per acre, cutting the seedlings to the bottom 0.03 m, stripping the nutrition bag and putting it into the hole. The nutrient soil and the platform surface are at the same height, and the fine soil is backfilled after supporting the seedlings. After compaction, compaction is performed to effectively combine the nutrient solution with the surrounding soil.
After the coffee colonization was over, the platform was completely trimmed once to keep the table clean, flat and inward. After 10 days of colonization, the wormholes, dead seedlings, and damaged seedlings were checked, and they were replaced in time to achieve full seedlings.
IV. Management of Coffee Garden
1. The root of cultivator coffee grows with the growth of the plant. After the plant is planted for six months, the root growth rate is beyond the planting point. Therefore, it is better to carry out deep turning before the onset of the rainy season from the first half of the year to the first year of the planting season. According to the soil conditions and the distribution of the roots, the depth is usually 0.4 to 0.5 meters.
2, fertilization coffee fertilization to grasp the type of fertilizer and fertilization, both to the right amount, but also to prevent excessive. Insufficient fertilization will lead to phenomena such as leaf yellowing, shoot tipping, fruit dropping, and premature senescence. Excessive fertilization will not only cause waste, but will also worsen the soil. The young coffee tree is a vegetative period. Fertilizer should be dominated by nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. Potassium fertilizer should be properly applied to promote the growth of roots and leaves, accelerate the formation of canopies, cultivate good trees, lay a foundation for high yields, but fertilization should be mastered. Thin principle. The fertilization for the production of coffee trees should be dominated by nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, together with phosphate fertilizers and other elemental fertilizers. The scheme for applying fertilization is to apply 20 g of urea at the first time 20 days after the saplings are planted; the second fertilization is to apply 30 g/strain of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers before the end of the rainy season (September). The second year of fertilization is for the first time in February-March, the second time in May-June, and the third time in August-September, each application of 100 grams of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. The first year of fertilization in the third year combines turfgrass with intensive tillage in February-March, applying 1,000 grams of oil per plant, the second time in May-June, and the third time in August-September, applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and fertilizer to the third fertilizer. 100 g/plant.
Fertilization for the production of coffee trees: The first time in February and March, the application of oil withered 1500 g/plant, the second, third and fourth respectively in the 5,7, and 9 months each nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Fertilizer 150 g/plant.
The method of fertilizing the coffee tree: the young tree is 0.2m to 0.30m in width, 0.2m to 0.30m in width, 0.2m to 0.30m in width and 0. 20m from the base of the root. Immediately after fertilization, the soil is covered.
3, weeding coffee garden table always clean and clean without weeds, to avoid grass and coffee competition for nutrients, the general weeding once a month, from the base of the root 0. 30 meters with a hoe with a hoe to weeding, root within 0.30 meters Remove the hand to avoid damaging the roots. The branches of weeds on the stems are not allowed to be removed with a hoe, and damages to the ladders and soil erosion are avoided. Weeding trees on the stalks are suitable for shading, soil and water conservation, and reduction of pests and diseases.

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