Clinical diagnosis and treatment of dairy cow production
Dairy cow production, also known as milk fever, is a severe metabolic disease that occurs suddenly before and after the mother's birth. Mostly in cows. High-yield cows of 5 to 9 years old and 3 to 6 are the most common, while cows born at the first time have almost no disease. Most of the sudden onset of 12 to 48 hours after delivery, but also in the end of pregnancy or childbirth or a few days after birth, but less common. High incidence, large impact, heavy losses. Once it occurs, it will be repeated again. It is characterized by loss of consciousness and quadriplegia due to calcium deficiency. Treatment is based on calcium supplementation and focuses on prevention. First, the cause (a) Insufficient calcium in the diet. During the period of cow's pregnancy, both the mother's own milk production and the fetus's growth and development in the body require large amounts of minerals and vitamins to be supplemented. If the feed is not properly managed, insufficient calcium in the diet will lead to a decrease in maternal serum calcium levels. (b) The balance of calcium and phosphorus is not balanced. The normal ratio of calcium to phosphorus should be 1.3:1 to 2:1. If high-calcium diets are fed for a long period of time, improper calcium or phosphorus ratios or insufficient supply of vitamin D may affect the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus, which can lead to an imbalance in the proportion of calcium and phosphorus in dairy cows, resulting in postpartum paralysis. (3) Mass milking after delivery. Postpartum cows take a large amount of calcium due to the fetus, and the body is relatively weak, the ability of gastrointestinal absorption of calcium is also strong, if a large number of milking, so that calcium and phosphorus levels of already low calcium cows dropped sharply. (4) The content of potassium and other cationic feeds in the diet is too high. Affects the normal call of bone calcium in dairy cows, thereby reducing maternal serum calcium levels. (v) Feeding high-calcium substances to dry dairy cows. During the dry period, especially during the late dry period, the calcium needs of dairy cows are at a minimum. The high calcium substances inhibit the initiation of the calcium internal environmental regulation mechanism necessary for lactation in dairy cows, resulting in the inability of the cows to call bone calcium in time after delivery and make blood calcium. Lower levels cause cows to paralyze after delivery. Second, the symptoms (a) typical symptoms. In the early stages, there was excitement, sensitivity to stimuli, followed by ataxia, muscle tremors, further inhibition, a typical prone position, unresponsiveness, and even sensory loss, and no response to light exposure. The anus relaxes and the reflection disappears. Breathing slows down, body temperature drops, heart rate increases, cold in the end, and even coma. There is no movement at death, and a few cases have a struggle before death. The entire course of the disease is 12 to 48 hours. (b) Light symptoms. Except for the absence of hernia, her symptoms are characterized by "S"-shaped head and neck flexion, depression but not coma, reflex weakening without disappearing, standing but instability, and body temperature drop of not less than 37 °C. General light symptoms account for the majority. Third, treatment (a) calcium therapy. According to the calcium content per 100 kg of body weight, 2.2 g of calcium, the best calcium is 20% to 25% of calcium gluconate (the addition of 4% boric acid in calcium gluconate, to improve its stability). Intravenous 500 ml, repeat injection every 6 to 12 hours, up to 3 injections. It is also possible to instill a 10% calcium gluconate 1000 ml plus 10% saline in 2000 ml. You can also use 10% calcium chloride solution slowly push, note that leaks out of blood vessels. (b) Simultaneous phosphorus, calcium and sugar supplementation. For example, use 20% sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution 200 ml or 30% calcium hypophosphite solution 1000 ml, 25% magnesium sulfate solution 50-100 ml, 25% glucose solution 1000 ml slow intravenous injection. (c) breast ventilation therapy. This is a traditional therapy that is particularly suitable for cases of poor or recurrent calcium therapy. Specific approach: use a breast blower to connect the milk duct, and inject the filtered air into the four milk areas through the sterilized milk ducts respectively, so that the breasts are inflated (the skin tension is required, the boundary is clear, the tapping is sounded, and the gas is less effective. More likely to burst gas, gas after ligation to stop the gas), forcing back the blood of the breast, increase blood calcium, phosphorus and blood volume and blood pressure, while stimulating the cortex, eliminating cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, lifting inhibition. Along with the above treatments, appropriate symptomatic therapies can also be used. When suffering from this disease, oral administration of drugs is prohibited. Fourth, prevention Cows fed low-calcium and high-phosphorus diets for 2 weeks before delivery limit daily calcium intake within 1000 milligrams and activate parathyroid function. From 4 weeks before birth to 1 week after childbirth, 30 grams of magnesium chloride was added daily. Increase cereals, reduce cakes and legumes protein material. Postpartum injection of calcium gluconate, reduce milking, to limit feeding, add brown sugar in the feed, while intramuscular injection of vitamin D preparations. Maintain the cleanliness of the cattle body and delivery room, keep the cowshed quiet, and prevent signs that may induce production defects. The earlier the treatment, the better. 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