Artichoke Cultivation Technology
1, artichoke cultivation and management technology HEBEI PINGLE FLOUR MACHINERY GROUP CO., LTD , https://www.plrollermill.com
Artichoke, alias French Lily, Jerusalem artichoke, vegetable pot, lotus lily, is a perennial herb of the genus Asteraceae. Originating on the Mediterranean coast of Europe, the Romans began eating it as early as 2000 years ago. Currently, there are more European and American countries and most of them are planted in France. In the 19th century, it was introduced from France into Shanghai, China. At present, there are a small amount of cultivation in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hunan, Beijing, Yunnan and other places. In recent years, Western Europe, the United States and other developed countries and regions have continuously increased their consumption and imports of artichokes. Canned products are in short supply in the international market. To meet the needs of the international market, Taiwan Province of China has a large area of ​​cultivation, and its products are mainly used for export to earn foreign exchange.
Artichoke features, characteristics:
The root system is developed. Plant height is about 1.2m. Feathery cracks large and hypertrophy, densely densely velvety hair, and more branched branches from June to July. The flower buds of the main stem are the largest and are called Wang Lei. In general, there are 3-8 buds per plant, purple green, about 40% of the inner layer of the bracts are tender, edible parts of a bud about 15-50g, the seeds are like wheat, flat oval, white, about one grain weight about 44g . Normally, the output of the 2nd and 3rd years is the highest, and needs to be updated after 4 years. In the winter, the ground is dead, and new strains are issued in the spring of the next year. Hi cool climate, short-term light cream, hi moist, avoid dry heat. Should loose loose loam or clay loam. Requires plenty of sunshine, especially when pumping stems. When the weather is clear, stems and buds are thick and numerous.
Acacia food value
1, the value of pharmacological curative effect of artichoke:
The artichoke is rich in nutrients, in every 100 grams of edible parts, containing 80.5 grams of water, 0.2 grams of fat, 2.8 grams of protein, 9.9 grams of sugar, vitamin A 160mg, vitamin C8mg, calcium 51mg, phosphorus 69mg, iron 1.5mg, also There are vegetables, asparagine and flavonoids that are beneficial to humans. Cynandin is the most well-known of the curative effects of artichokes. It is a derivative of cinnamic acid.
The guanidine acid can: Improve the liver's vitality Promote the elimination of toxins in the liver (such as ammonia produced by the digestion of proteins) Promote the regeneration of liver cells Promote the secretion of gallbladder and fat digestion (regulate cholesterol in the body) Others The therapeutic components are flavonoids (Fiavonoid: Luteotin, Cynaosid, Scdymosin, etc.) and bittersin (Sesquiterpenlacton, 50% of which are Cynaropikrin). These curative substances have the function of assisting guanidine acid in protecting the liver and promoting liver detoxification. The flavonoids have beneficial physiological effects. Very effective on malignant cells. Vascular purpura has a mitigating effect. Regular food artichoke has the effects of treating chronic hepatitis, reducing bile alcohol and treating indigestion, improving gastrointestinal function, increasing biliary secretion and constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, etc., stimulating the secretion of gall bladder, preventing arteriosclerosis, and protecting the blood The function.
2. Artichokes consumption, health value Artichokes can be used as ornamental vegetables, aromatic vegetables, seasoning vegetables, health vegetables, but also fresh and raw, its sweet and fresh taste, but also for hot pot and so on. Its taste is similar to fresh bamboo shoots and mushrooms, and it is quite delicious. With the effect of Xiaoke hangover, it can be seasoned with seasoning ingredients such as fine meat, olive oil, lemon juice, pepper, garlic and salt. The taste is fresh and refreshing. At the same time, it can also be used as a soup and poultry meat stew, oysters, rich nutrition, Liver eyesight, fitness and beauty. Women's consumption helps to protect the skin, facial moisturizing.
In addition to flower buds in flower buds of artichokes, they can be directly cooked and cooked. The petals of their buds can also be fully utilized. The outer petals of rough fibers that have been peeled off can be sun dried and used directly to make sparkling tea. Drink it, its taste with a special flower fragrance, refreshing taste, sweet lasting, is a unique and unique flower flavor "cabbage tea."
Artichoke Cultivation
1 The requirements for environmental conditions are cool and warm in summer, and the seed germination temperature is about 20°C. The optimal temperature for plant growth is 13--20°C. Above 34°C, the growth is inhibited, and the growth is stopped below 3°C. -2°C Temporary low temperature, below -7°C withering leaves. The optimum temperature for flower bud formation is 16--24°C; it is suitable for loose, fertile, well-drained loam or light loam. Need more fertilizer, it is appropriate to use nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in combination; pumping buds bud stage is the critical period of moisture, can not be short of water, the entire growth cycle is not tolerant, can not be over water, after the rain ditch Hydroponics can easily cause rot; strong light conditions are required, especially during flowering stems, and sunlight can form large, thick leaves, with a large number of flower stems and more flower buds.
2 seedlings breeding
2.1. Breeding on the ramets Select adult plants that grow vigorously. Dug out in mid-October. Cut off seedlings with more than 5 leaves and plant them in 1.5m deep furrows. Cover them with soil and grass. Curtain insulation, maintain the temperature in the ditch 2- 3 °C, the second year of spring planting. Warm areas south of the Yangtze River can be directly planted in the fall. Pay attention to the number of root systems in each plant. The seedlings below 5 leaves are cut and planted in a nursery in a solar greenhouse. The plant spacing is 15 cm x 15 cm. The cultivator and watering fertilizer are promptly applied. The temperature is maintained at room temperature 15-20°C and the temperature is about 10°C at night. It will grow to 5 leaves in the coming spring. Above the colonization.
2.2 sowing nursery Artichoke spring and autumn seedlings sowing. Planting in the middle and late March in spring and planting in the middle of September in autumn, 600-800 grains in 667 square meters of field. Because the seed coat is thick and hard, first soak seeds in warm water of 55°C for 30 minutes (minutes), or Disable the wooden stick to agitate the seeds, dip for 12-16 hours (hours) when the water falls to normal temperature, remove and rinse with clean water and then wrap it in wet cotton cloth, put it under the condition of about 20°C, germinate, and sow seeds after dew-whitening. . The seedlings were nursed with 72-hole plastic trays or 6 cm x 6 cm pods, using peat and vermiculite as substrates. Seedling temperature 18--20 °C, watering as little as possible, 2 leaves after the appropriate fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer. Seedling age 40--45d (days), when there are 5--7 true leaves, they can be planted.
3 Soil preparation and site selection Planting and cultivation of well-conditioned plots, 667 m2 of crushed organic manure more than 3,000 kg, cultivating depth of 25 m or more, after flat formation, 1-50 m spacing, 50 cm wide, 20 cm high sorghum, Top mulch. 10cm spring temperature stable in the spring above 12 °C can be planted, each planting a row, plant spacing 80--100cm, 667 square meters planted 500 - 700 plants, planting depth of about 20cm, timely watering after planting.
4 Field Management
4.1 Management of new planting seedlings After pouring seedlings, pour water once to promote growth of seedlings, and apply fertilizer in appropriate amount. Roughly divide the plant 20 cm away from the plant, and apply 667 m2 special fertilizer for 20 kg of special vegetables (including nitrogen and phosphorus , Potassium), or 200kg of a special active organic fertilizer. Each fertilization was conducted in June-July and September, and 667 square meters of a hole dedicated 30kg special vegetable fertilizer. From July to September, pay attention to drainage, flood control and cultivating tillage and timely weed control. Water from mid-September to early November will be watered 2--3 times depending on the weather. After mid-November, water will no longer be used, and loose soil will be ready for wintering. .
During this period, it is vulnerable to locusts and ground tigers, and should be controlled in time from May to July. The locusts should be controlled with 1600 times spray of imidacloprid. The 3rd instar larvae of small tigers should be treated with phoxim 1000 times to root. Root rot is prone to occur in July-September. After the rain, timely cultivating loose soil and draining water in time. If the stem and marrow of the diseased plant are found to be rot, plant leeches should be cut immediately and a layer of dry lime mixed with dry lime should be disinfected.
4.2 Plants safely wintering Artichoke plants must not be overwintering in the north, and protective measures should be taken after entering the winter. After the first frost, the leaves are destroyed and the ridges are loosened to reduce the moisture; when the temperature drops to 3- 5°C, the cuts are cut. To leave the middle and upper leaves of the plant, leave only 15-20 cm at the base and then grow 10 cm thick to lower the height to the north. Above the cover of 15-20cm thick straw or straw, can be pressed on the surface of a layer of soil to prevent the wind to scrape straw away. In the south of the Yangtze River, it is safe to overwinter only if it is covered with soil without pressing straw.
4.3 The management of spring should be strengthened with the recovery of temperature in the spring. In early March, the cover soil at the top should be removed, and the grazing grass around the plants should be properly cut. Clear the covered straw when it breaks, and loosen the soil to improve ground temperature. In early April, the compound fertilizer was chased once on both sides of the root system, and 667 square meters were applied to 25--30 kg. Then the ridge was cleared and the water was poured on sunny days. During the harvest period in May, it will be watered once every 10 days or so. According to the growing trend, it can be top-dressed 1--2 times and sprayed on the leaves for 2- 3 times, 0.2% urea plus 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Spraying. When there is too much rainwater, drain it in time to prevent the accumulation of water. It is necessary to pay attention to prevention and control of locusts and small tigers who have entered the calyx.
4.4 Management After harvesting, after harvesting, the old stems should be divided into aboveground parts, the remaining leaves should be removed, the soil should be loosened around the plants, and the plants should be fertilized on both sides. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen should be applied at 667 square meters. Potassium ternary compound fertilizer 20kg, combined with watering, to promote branching germination. When the branches are sent out from the axillary buds at the base of the underground stems, they will be selected for branching at the appropriate time. Generally, when the branches are 15 to 20 cm long, they will retain 3–4 branches that grow robustly and are evenly distributed. Emerging branches are cut off periodically. The strong and well-growth branches with a length of 15–20 cm were selected, and the bases were cut into horseshoe-shaped seedlings inserted into sandy loam soil for seedling propagation. After 10 days, they were able to take root and survive. To maintain seedling moisture.
5 Plants harvested more than one year old, the northern region began to harvest buds in early May until late June. It is advisable to harvest 1–2d in front of the opening of the seed pods. The premature yield is low, and the value of the goods is too late. The outer pods of the flower buds are greenish or lavender with luster, and the basal bracts are best when they are opened. Harvesting should be carried out in the morning. Scissors cut from under the buds and store or sell them in a classified manner. 50--100g florets are used for canning; 100--350g pods are sold fresh to grow for 3 years. The highest, single plant can take 10-15 buds, generally can harvest 5--10a (years).