Analysis of common tractor malfunctions
As the use of tractors continues to increase, normal moving parts will experience normal natural wear. When used improperly, it will also cause serious abnormal wear and tear, which will destroy the normal fit of the parts. In addition, deformation, damage, corrosion of the tractor parts, loosening of the fasteners, incorrect adjustment of the relevant parts, improper maintenance, etc., will damage the tractor's original technical state. When the state of technology deteriorates to a certain degree, various anomalies will occur, or parts of the parts will lose their original working ability, causing the tractor to continue its normal work, that is, a failure has occurred. Failure of a tractor not only takes a certain amount of manpower and material resources to eliminate it, but it also delays agricultural time and affects production. Therefore, when using the tractor, it should be based on the principle of "prevention from over control", through the normal operation of the tractor, adjustment, maintenance, diligent observation, diligent inspection, so that it can be prevented in the first place, so as to keep it in good condition. . After the tractor fails, through analysis and judgment, and take the necessary methods to identify the location and cause of the fault, this process is called failure analysis. First, the principle of failure analysis The tractor's failure has a variety of symbolism and its causes are complex. Some are "chronic illnesses" that gradually develop over a longer period of time, and some are "acute illnesses" that occur by chance in a short time. A failure may be manifested as multiple phenomena, and one phenomenon may reflect multiple failures, which brings complexity to the analysis of the failure. The following principles must be followed during failure analysis and inspection: 1. Do not disassemble or disassemble the failure analysis. 2. When analyzing failures, we must first learn to use materialist dialectics. We must do more investigations and research. We must use phenomena as a guide for understanding and see the nature through phenomena. We must use development and change perspectives to look at problems and analyze specific situations. 3. When the failure analysis is performed, it is also necessary to combine construction and connection principles. 4. When carrying out failure analysis, we must also follow the principles from simple to complex, from the table to the inside, from the first to the latter, and from the point to the point. 5. When analyzing failures, be sure to be good at summing up and accumulating experience. Second, the general method of failure analysis The general method of fault analysis is to start with the phenomenon of failure, find the essential cause of the failure and various specific reasons, and finally determine the main reasons through analysis and inspection and eliminate it. (I) Analysis of failure phenomena: A fault in a tractor often shows one or several unique behaviors, called fault phenomena or symbols. These phenomena are summarized as follows: 1. The effect is abnormal: if it is difficult to start, it is not easy to turn, the brake is not working, and the power is insufficient. 2. The sound is abnormal: if the crank connecting rod mechanism has abnormal knocking sound; the exhaust pipe has the sound of firing; the gear transmission has noise and so on. 3. Abnormal temperature: If the engine temperature is too high; clutch or bearing overheating. 4. Abnormal appearance: If the exhaust pipe emits white smoke, black smoke, blue smoke; oil leakage, water leakage, light does not shine and so on. 5. Anomalous odors: Such as friction plates, electrical insulating materials, etc. (B) The main reason for the fault: The tractor is in the use of the process of failure occurs mainly in two aspects: on the one hand is a natural factor, after subjective efforts can be reduced, but can not be prevented; the other is due to improper use and maintenance Caused by human factors, failure caused by such factors can be completely avoided. 1, natural factors, such as friction, corrosion, aging and so on. Because of this reason, the clearance of the tractor is increased, air leakage, malfunction, and the like, and if it is found that the maintenance is not performed in time, a malfunction will be formed. 2, human factors, such as design and manufacturing, processing and assembly quality problems; oil quality problems, the use of poor maintenance issues; installation and adjustment disorders. Third, the troubleshooting method 1. Isolation and division method: Through the initial judgment of the location of the fault, and then part of the work to isolate or block a system, a part, by observing changes in signs to determine the scope of the fault. 2. Heuristic: To determine whether or not it is normal through exploratory elimination or adjustment measures in certain areas within the fault area. 3. Comparison method: Replace the parts that may have problems with the same parts that work normally, and judge whether there are any faults based on the change of signs. 4. Experience method: The technical status of tractor components is determined mainly by the feel of organs such as the ear, eyes, nose, and body. Common means are: Stopping: The sound emitted by the tractor during normal work has its own special regularity. Experienced people can roughly judge whether or not the work is normal from the sound produced by each component. Observe: Use the eyes to observe all visible phenomena, such as meter readings, exhaust smoke, etc., in order to find the problem in time. Smell: It is to detect and identify faults in certain parts in time through exhaust smoke smell or burning smell. Touch: After working with the load for a period of time, touch the temperature of the corresponding parts of each bearing by hand and you can find out if it is overheated. Generally speaking, the hand feels that the temperature of the parts is about 40°C when it is heated; if it feels hot but it cannot touch for a few minutes, then it is between 50°C and 60°C; if one touches, the hot parts can't stand, the parts temperature has reached 80 °C-90 °C or more. 5, instrumentation method: Uses the special-purpose instrument, the meter, does not disassemble or the demolition under the condition to be relatively accurate understands the tractor internal good or bad. In short, the troubleshooting should be carried out from simple to complex, carried out from the table and the inside; first from the most common possible causes, and then to the infrequent, less likely causes; the first part of the system and then the final part of the inspection, This layer of screening, reasoning and judgment can quickly and accurately find out the exact location and cause of the failure, but also to achieve the goal of not dismantling or less demolition. 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