With these seven strokes, corn does not suffer from common diseases.
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The main reason for the characteristics of varieties of lean to use fertilizer-resistant varieties, will increase the empty stalk rate. The general dentate species and hybrids have a greater baldness than hard grain varieties and local species.
Planting density is too large The planting density of corn is too large, and plants are prematurely sealed. As a result, functional leaves of the panicle are shaded, lack of light, lack of nutrition, poor plant individual development, and impaired ear differentiation. This is the main reason for the formation of empty stalks. The higher the general density, the higher the empty stalk rate. According to the survey, 3500 to 4500 acres were planted, the empty stalk rate was 3-5%, 4500-5200 acres were planted, the empty stalk rate was 5-9%, and 5500 acres were planted. - 6300 strains, the empty stalk rate of up to 20%. At the same time, because the density is too large, the leaves meet each other to cover the female filaments, resulting in the failure of pollen formation and lack of grain.
One of the imbalances in nutrient supply is insufficient nutrition and increased empty stalks. Second, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is not properly combined, and the empty stalk rate is also increased. If phosphorus deficiency or potassium deficiency occurs, sugar metabolism in the stalk is hindered, resulting in increased sugar content in the stalk and reduced sugar transfer to the female ear. Because the ear is unable to develop results due to nutritional deterioration, spikes form empty stalks, so the taste of empty stalks is also reduced. Sweeter. During the development stage of pollen and ear, if nutrients and water are insufficient, especially phosphorus and potassium are lacking, nutrient transportation is hindered, female flower formation is destroyed, and infertility pollen is also increased, thereby worsening pollen conditions causing baldness and lack of grain.
Large and small seedlings vary due to poor seed quality, premature sowing, seeding depth, and inconsistent thickness of cover soil. It causes the emergence of incomplete and incomplete seedlings. In particular, seedlings or replanting causes differences in seedling strength, resulting in small and large The strong bullying of the poor population structure resulted in seedlings and weak plants that were not strong and formed empty stalks.
Bad weather effects If drought occurs during the formation or development of the ear of the corn, the ear cannot be extracted or withdrawn from the roots, or it may not be able to spit, or it may be taken too late to miss the pollination period and form empty stalks.
In the case of the ear during the ear bud differentiation period, if it meets with continuous rain, on the one hand, the soil will have long-term accumulation of water and poor ventilation, weakening the absorption capacity of the roots; on the other hand, due to lack of light, weakening photosynthesis, resulting in insufficient nutrients, can not differentiate the ear of the ear or After the differentiation, it cannot develop normally and empty stalks are formed. Before and after corn picking, if there is a serious shortage of soil moisture, leading to male and female inconsistent, when the top of the ear out of the filaments, due to lack of pollen and produce bald. During the flowering period of maize, if the temperature is lower than 18°C ​​or higher than 38°C, male flowers are not open. When the temperature is between 32°C and 35°C, and the relative humidity is only 30%, the pollen life is short (1 to 2 hours). At the same time, the filaments are easy to dry and cause baldness and lack of grain.
In addition, diseases and insect pests such as corn borer and head smut are also easily caused by empty stalks; extreme weather such as strong winds and heavy rains also have a great influence on flowering and pollination, resulting in baldness and lack of grain.
The correct selection of prevention and control methods using good varieties of high yield potential, low culm ratio of hybrids to achieve appropriate sowing, planting from place to place. For regions (blocks) with poor natural conditions, large climate changes, and thin soil ridges, hard-tolerant hard-tolerant hard- or half-dental species should be used; for areas with good fertilizer and water conditions (blocks), dents should be selected. Kind is appropriate.
To improve the quality of sowing, fine soil preparation, the use of fertilizers to raise seedlings, the implementation of grade transplanting, to ensure Miao Qi, Miao whole, Miao Zhuang.
To improve lighting conditions in a group, we should implement reasonable dense planting according to species characteristics, soil fertility and cultivation level, and second, we should adopt belt-like and nested planting to improve the light conditions in the upper and middle groups.
Strengthen fertilizer and water management Adhere to the principles of fertilization that “apply enough base fertilizer, lightly apply seedling fertilizer, skillfully apply culm fertilizer, rush over stalk fertilizer, and apply granule fertilizerâ€, so that nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers to meet various corn requirements. The overall demand for nutrients during the birth period.
Timely Irrigation and Drainage The large bell-mouth and silking stage of corn are the critical period of water demand. When drought occurs, it should be watered in time to maintain the field water holding capacity of 70-80%, and promote the differentiation of male and female spikes and the formation and development of pollen of tassels. At the same time, the flowering period of spring maize is in the rainy season, and extremely anomalous weather such as heavy rain is very easy to occur. In case of encountering locusts, water accumulation should be promptly eliminated to promote the normal growth of corn.
Artificially-assisted pollination and cross-fertilization artificially-assisted pollination are advocated as an effective measure to satisfy the need for pollen, baldness, and lack of grain in the ear. Detasseling can play a role in reducing nutrient consumption, promoting coordination between males and females, reducing caries, and increasing yield. However, in the event of continuous rain or high temperatures, it should not be emasculated.
Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the late middle and early stages of corn production, large scale, small blight, sheath blight, corn borer, aphids and other pests and other integrated control, to ensure that the normal growth and development of corn ear.