Occurrence and Control of Main Diseases and Pests in Vegetables in Spring

Before and after the beginning of spring, the vegetable production in the Beijing area entered the transplanting period one after another. After the transplanting, as the earth recovers, the temperature rises, and a variety of vegetable diseases and insect pests enter the peak period of damage. In order to help producers establish their awareness of prevention and control and raise their levels of prevention and control, the current trends in the major pests and diseases of vegetables in the spring of 2008 in the Beijing area are forecasted, and key prevention and control measures are proposed for the reference of producers.

1. Trends: The city's meteorological department forecasts that the average temperature in spring from 2007 to the spring of 2008 is higher than that in the normal years. In 2007, the precipitation in winter is close to normal, and in spring 2008, the precipitation is slightly more than in normal years. The high temperature is beneficial to the overwintering, development, reproduction, and damage of small pests such as whiteflies, leafminers, and thrips, etc., while the spring rainfall is more favorable to the occurrence and development of diseases. , easily lead to disease occurrence and increase; with the increase in the number of years of cultivation, the accumulation of bacteria in the soil is increasingly conducive to vegetable root-knot nematode disease, Sclerotinia and other soil-borne diseases such as the expansion and increase. Based on the above factors, combined with the occurrence of vegetable pests and diseases in facilities in the spring of the year, it is expected that the overall incidence of vegetable pests and diseases in the spring of 2008 will be moderate to mild to moderate. Most of the common pests will maintain their annual levels, and some of the pests will be local or partial. The shed is moderately heavy and the damage is prominent.

Cucumber downy mildew, melon powdery mildew, tomato leaf mildew, tomato gray mold, fruit and lettuce sclerotinia disease, melons blight, white (smoke) whitefly, spotted fly, red spider moderate To moderate occurrence; tomato late blight, tomato early blight, cucumber bacterial leaf spot, cucumber anthracnose, light to moderate light to moderate occurrence of aphids. Partial management and control of late-stage disease, leaf mold, gray mold, sclerotiorum, downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial blight, white (smoke) whitefly, spotted fly, red spider In some areas, individual sheds are severely affected.

2. Control measures:

To prevent botrytis, downy mildew, late blight, leaf mold, early blight, sclerotinia, powdery mildew, bacterial leaf spot, blight, root-knot nematode disease, whitefly, and spotted fly Focus on control.

1 Before the transplanting, the main pests and diseases of the seedbed should be selected and used for road preparations, and the pandemic should be carefully and thoroughly used once a year so as to ensure that the disease-free seedlings can be transplanted.

2 Before the transplanting, plow the land deeply, finely prepare the soil, apply sufficient decomposing quality farmyard manure as basic fertilizer, and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer appropriately. Before the transplanting, select the right-side medicament for the main pests, spray the ground, walls, columns, and shed films evenly with a concentration slightly higher than the conventional ones to sterilize the surface, or use smoke to tightly seal and smoke for 12 to 24 hours. Root-knot nematode disease in the greenhouse can be selected before transplanting 1.8% avermectin EC, diluted from 1 to 1.5 ml per square meter 2000 to 3000 times, or 10% blessing more than granules, 1.5 to 2 kg per mu Mix soil or fine sand 40-50 kg to treat the soil.

3 around the guarantee of normal growth of vegetables, disease prevention and control of disease, temperature and humidity control, the temperature of the fruit and vegetable vegetables in the normal weather in the morning, as much as possible, so that the atomization of moisture, increasing ventilation in the afternoon, cooling and humidity; Avoid flood irrigation, cloudy watering or cloudy days after pouring; Balanced fertilization; Early spring Aspergillus subsp. discs germinate just unearthed, not yet put ampoule spores, combined with cultivator management, promptly eradicate the ascendant disc, prevent ascospores Reducing the initial infection source of field bacteria; when the young tomato fruit is about 15 mm in diameter (7 to 15 days after flowering), the petals and stigma are removed to reduce gray mold; the old (yellow) leaves are removed at any time during the farm operation. Diseased fruits (leaves), serious diseased plants, pests, eggs, larvae, insects, etc. are taken out of the field for proper disposal.

(4) Before the occurrence of pests, yellow plates were baited to kill white (smoky) whitefly, adults of the genus Liriomyza, and winged plagues. The distance between yellow plates was 10 to 12 meters, and they were kept as slightly as possible above the plant growth point.

5 rational use of high efficiency, low toxicity, low residual drug control.

Botrytis, Sclerotinia: 50% Sucline WP, 50% Propionine WP, 65% Tamein WP, 40% SCAIL Suspension, or 50% at the onset of the disease Profit WP 800 ~ 1000 times spray, can also be used 10% fast Ke Ling smoke 1000 grams per acre smoke. Prevention of Botrytis cinerea must catch the first two critical periods of flowering and fruit filling during flowering and fruit enlargement. Adding 0.1% to 0.3% of 50% sucrose or 65% of mycophenolate to the caraway during flowering. Ling wettable powder, or sprayed with 66% Guoning Ning wettable powder, and used in combination with fruit spray during the fruit enlargement period to gain benefits, spraying flowers and young fruit when spraying; focus on the base of the spray stem when controlling Sclerotinia And the base of the leaves; the prevention of fruit and vegetable sclerotinia when the above-mentioned spray agent can be transferred into a paste, directly applied to infected stems.

Downy mildew, late blight: Before the onset, 80% of Mustard WP can be sprayed 600 to 800 times, or 45% of chlorothalonil smoke 250 to 300 grams of smoke per acre for prevention; at the beginning of the disease, 72% of Kelu is used. Wettable powder, or 72.2% Preclosure 600 times, or 68% Jinlei water dispersible granules 600-800 times, or 52.5% fast-acting water dispersible granules 1800 times, or "Kejia" 100 g/liter Cypermethoxazole suspension 2000 ~ 2500 times, or 25% Ami-Sida suspension 1500 times spray control.

Leaf mould, early blight, and powdery mildew: Regular fumigation with sulphur fumigator before onset can prevent leaf mold or powdery mildew. At the beginning of the disease, 40% of Fuxing Emulsion 8000 times solution, or 10% of World High-water Dispersible Pellets 2000~3000 times, or 47% of Garnett's WP 600~800 times are sprayed.

Bacterial leaf spot: At the beginning of the disease, 20% of Longketsu suspension was used 500 times, or 47% of Garnett WP 600 to 800 times, or 53.8% of dry suspension was sprayed 600 to 800 times. .

Sprinkling disease: At the beginning of the disease, 80% of Betilly WP can be used 600-800 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP can be 600 times, or 50% acetaminophen WP can be sprayed with 800 times (focus spray Middle and lower parts of the plant. When the disease is severe, the dosage of the above-mentioned agent can be doubled and applied to the diseased stem.

White (smoke) whitefly, spotted fly, aphid, mites: White (smoke) whitefly should use 25% buprofezin WP 1500 times and 2.5% Uranus 4,000 times vaccination spray, use a single Drugs need continuous control; white (smoke) mealybugs and aphids can occur at the same time when 20% Confodic (Imidacloprid) concentrated solvent 2500 ~ 3000 times, or 25% Aktai water dispersible granules 3000 ~ 3500 times (Also protected against horses), or 12.5% ​​of the suspension 8000 times spray control. At the same time, the main insect pests such as spotted fly, aphids, white (smoke) mealybugs, and ticks can be sprayed with 1.8% abamectin EC 2000 to 3000 times.

When spraying, add 5 grams of “Simple” agricultural organic silicone spray auxiliaries into 15 kg of liquid medicine in the formulated pesticide solution. Mix well to increase the coverage of the liquid on the foliage and improve the utilization of the liquid. Effective Reduce pesticide losses.

After planting for susceptible vegetables with longer growth period, 1.8% of avermectin EC may be used after 1000 times of root-knot nematode disease, or 15% Weigen microemulsion 800 to 1500 times solution to root 1~2 Times.

Plant Protection Station Division Yingchun Zhangye

Figure 1: Locusts

Figure II: Damage caused by Liriomyza

Figure III: Leaf disease leaf

Figure 4: Fruit of Botrytis cinerea

Figure 5: Disease of tomato late blight

Figure 6 Cucumber powdery mildew

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