1. The correct use of farmyard fertilizers and fertilizers is one of the key links in the production of pollution-free fruit, which should arouse enough attention from us. The national agricultural industry standards promulgated and implemented recently by the Ministry of Agriculture have clearly stipulated the guidelines for the use of fertilizers for the production of green foods (fruits), requiring that the principles of fertilization be organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, and maintain or increase soil fertility and soil. The microbial activity and the fertilizer used at the same time should not adversely affect the orchard environment and fruit quality. We combine the implementation of standards and the demand for fertilizers for fruit production to illustrate the fruit tree fertilizers and their use. I. Types of Fertilizers (1) Fertilizer Types Allowed The farm fertilizer refers to various organic fertilizers that are locally sourced and used on site. It consists of a large number of biological substances, animal and plant residues, excreta, and biological waste. It is rich in organic matter and various macro and trace elements required for humus and fruit trees. It also contains hormones, vitamins, and antibiotics. . It is characterized by a wide range of sources, great potential, complete nutrients, a long and stable fertilizer effect, and a slow-lasting fertilizer; farmer fertilization can improve soil and improve soil fertility, and is the main fertilizer for orchards. It mainly includes compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, mud fertilizer and cake fertilizer. (1) Compost: Compost is the use of crop straws, weeds, leaves, garbage and other organic wastes as the main raw materials, and a certain amount of excrement, sewage and a small amount of mud to compile a class of organisms formed by aerobic microorganisms. fertilizer. The process of composting is the process by which microorganisms decompose organic matter, so it is necessary to create conditions suitable for microbial activity. Composting is carried out in high temperature seasons. The heap should maintain sufficient moisture. It is advisable to control the moisture to 65% to 75% of wet weight. In order to facilitate microbial activity, attention should also be paid to the ventilation of the heap. After maturity, it is used as base fertilizer. (2) Manure fertilizer: The materials used are basically the same as compost, except that under the flooding conditions, the microorganisms are fermented by anaerobic fermentation to form a kind of organic fertilizer. (3) Manure: Also known as circulatory manure, it is a manure that is produced by using urine and feces in the livestock circle, weeds, deciduous soil, and peat soil. Ring fertilizer contains three elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The potassium content is high and can be directly absorbed and utilized by fruit trees. (4) Biogas fertilizer: In the closed biogas digester, organic matter is produced by bio-fermentation under the conditions of outgassing to produce by-products of biogas, consisting mainly of biogas fertilizer and biogas slag. (5) Crop Straw Manure: Fertilizer directly returned to the field with wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalks, soybean stalks, and rape straw. (6) Mud fertilizer: Fertilizers made from uncontaminated river mud, pond mud, gully mud, harbor mud, lake mud, etc. that are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms. (7) Cake Fertilizer: Fertilizers made from various oil-containing seeds that have been pressed and deoiled, such as rapeseed cakes, cottonseed cakes, bean cakes, peanut cakes, and sesame cakes. (8) Green manure: Green manure is also one of the sources of base fertilizer in orchards. It has high fertilizer efficiency. There are two main ways to use green manure: From the bud of green manure to the early flowering stage, it is crushed to about 10 cm. Spread it evenly over the fields and let it dry in the soil for a long time. In general, 1000 kg to 1500 kg per acre is appropriate. An orchard with irrigated conditions can be used to inject water once a day or two in a day, which is conducive to green manure; water-free pouring can wait until the rainy season comes. 2 Concentrated into the tree. That is, dig a trench 60 cm deep, 60 cm wide, and 150 cm long along the outer edge of the canopy. Cut the green manure and dry it. Crush it into 10 cm or so, 50 kg to 70 kg per pit, mix the green manure with the soil. Fill in the pit, fill with the practical, fill enough water after application. About 20 days after fertilization, new roots can begin to appear in the pit. The commonly used green manure plants in orchards include Amorpha fruticosa, Ranunculus trifoliata, Clover, Rhinoceros, Sesbania, Sanda, Mung bean and so on. (9) Human and animal urine: It is a mixture of human and animal feces and urine, rich in organic matter and various nutrients. The human fecal nitrogen content is relatively high and the livestock feces contain more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen in human excreta is very volatile and should be collected and stored. The most common method of accumulation is composting with dirt, waste, weeds, etc. The ratio of composting is based on the principle that it can fully absorb excrement juice, and it can generally be mixed with soil or garbage that is 3 to 4 times the amount of excrement. Adding 3% to 5% of superphosphate to the excreta can reduce the loss of nitrogen and increase the availability of phosphorus. (10) Plant ash: Residues from the combustion of plant residues such as crop straw and firewood. Organic matter and nitrogen are all burned out during the combustion process, so they contain no organic matter and nitrogen and contain elements such as phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. The potassium contained therein is mostly water-soluble and can be directly absorbed and utilized by fruit trees. Dry grass ash should be accumulated, pay attention to moisture and waterproof, so as not to lose fertilizer. Plant ash should not be mixed with decomposed manure, human waste or ammonium sulfate and other acidic fertilizers (it can be used). In addition to saline and alkaline land, the soil can be used in general and can be used as base fertilizer or top dressing.
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