Effective measures to save pig's feed
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Crossbreeding pigs has proven to be a highly effective practice in modern pig farming. Hybrid pigs grow faster, consume less feed, and offer greater economic returns, making them ideal for widespread adoption. According to statistical data, raising hybrid pigs can increase daily weight gain by 30%, reduce feed consumption by 40%, and lower disease incidence by as much as 60% to 80%. These benefits make hybrid breeding a smart choice for farmers aiming to maximize efficiency and profitability.
Early weaning of piglets at 40-45 days, instead of the traditional 60 days, helps sows come into estrus earlier, which shortens the non-productive period and reduces feed costs. Additionally, castrating male pigs at 30 days and gilts at 40 days leads to better growth performance. These younger castrations are about 15% heavier than those castrated at 60 days, resulting in a 20-day shorter finishing period and a 20% reduction in feed usage.
Regular deworming is essential for maintaining healthy pigs. After deworming, pigs show improved appetite, eat more, and grow faster. This can boost daily weight gain by 20% to 30% and save over 10% in feed costs.
Implementing proper housing systems, such as confined feeding, allows pigs to have limited movement, which reduces energy expenditure and improves meat quality. This method can save between 8% to 10% in feed.
In summer, shading the piggery with awnings helps prevent heat stress and keeps pigs cooler, saving approximately 0.6 kg of concentrated feed per kilogram of weight gain. During colder seasons, using greenhouses provides a stable environment for pigs, reducing feed waste. For example, in one test, pigs raised in greenhouses had morning temperatures of 6.36°C and midday temperatures of 12°C, compared to 3.11°C and 9.37°C in the control group. The test group also used 6.08 kg of grain per pig, showing significant improvement. In winter, using straw bedding can further reduce energy needs. At 3°C, pigs on straw mats gained 90 grams per day, saving 0.6 kg of feed per kilogram of weight gain.
Switching from cooked to raw feed not only makes feeding easier and saves time but also enhances palatability and nutrient retention. This improves feed utilization and helps cut down on feed costs.
Proper feeding strategies, such as batching and balancing different types of feed, are crucial. Before pigs reach 50-60 kg, they should be fed high-energy, high-protein concentrates with necessary additives. Once they reach that weight, the diet should be adjusted to lower energy and protein levels, increasing roughage and reducing concentrate use. This approach can save 3 kg of fine feed per kilogram of weight gain.
Adding mineral supplements, trace elements, and vitamins to pig diets can significantly enhance growth and reduce feed consumption. One experiment showed that adding 0.2% feed additive to the base diet resulted in an average weight gain of 12.38 kg per pig over 92 days, with less than 0.91 kg of feed consumed per kilogram of weight gain.
The growth rate of slaughter pigs increases linearly from 20 to 90 kg, but slows down after reaching 100 kg. Therefore, it’s more efficient to slaughter pigs when they reach around 90 kg to maximize profit and minimize feed input.