Cultivation techniques of Grifola frondosa
Orthodontic Products,Orthodontic Instruments,Orthodontic Instrument Kit,Orthodontic Dental Instruments Hebi Tianchi Trading Co., Ltd , https://www.hebitianchi.com
Grifola frondosa is a wet-type bacterium, and its mycelium growth is moderately warm at about 25°C. In general, the northern region is inoculated with bags during January-March, and the mushrooms are produced from April to June. Fall September bag making, November fruiting. ?
1. The selection of sawdust as a medium for culture materials is best done with hardwoods such as beech, cherry tree, and oak. Particles 0.5 to 2 mm, too delicate prone to deformed fruiting bodies; too thick and easy to reduce production. The appropriate amount (30% or less) is more suitable for adding some coniferous wood chips. The cultivation material can also use the waste bacteria bed, which generally accounts for 30% to 50% of the culture material. ?
The main nutritional supplements are bran and corn flour. Corn flour is better, and 30% bran and 70% corn flour are also effective. The amount of nutrients added generally accounts for 20% to 30% of the total dry weight. Excessive nutrition can easily cause malformed mushrooms. ?
2. Culture medium formula?
(1) 73% of miscellaneous wood chips, 10% of wheat husks, 15% of corn flour, 0.8% of sugar, 1.1% of gypsum, 0.1% of superphosphate, 64% of water content, and pH 5.5. ?
(2) 38% of mixed wood chips, 38% of cotton seed hulls, 7% of wheat husk, 15% of corn flour, 1% of sugar, 1% of gypsum, 64% of water content, and 5 ph value
(3) Mixed wood chips 30%, cottonseed husk 30%, wheat husk 7%, corn flour 13%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, fine soil 18%, water content 64%, ph value 5%. ?
3. Mixing, bagging, sterilization, inoculation?
(1) spices. According to the formula, the raw materials should be weighed, and the dry materials should be mixed firstly. The sugar is dissolved in water and then mixed into the mixture. The amount of water added can be controlled by hand-squeezing the material with 1 to 2 drops of water. Indicators were used to measure the pH value of 5.5, plus acid plus lime, over alkaline plus superphosphate to adjust the ph value. ?
(2) bagging. A 17 cm 33 cm (0.045-0.05) mm polypropylene bag was used. After the material is bagged, it is pressed slightly and the elastic is suitable. The wet weight of each bag is about 700 grams. The mouth of the bag is covered with a trumpet ring and a sponge plug. It can also be sealed with a stapler. ?
(3) Sterilization. Immediately after bagging, the temperature rises to 100°C as soon as possible when sterilized. At normal pressure, it is maintained at 100°C for 8 to 10 hours, and autoclaved at 121°C for 1.5 to 2 hours. After the sterilization is completed, the temperature must be lowered to 40°C or less to open the bag. The bacteria bag should be removed and placed in a clean room. ?
(4) Inoculation. The inoculation can be performed when the temperature in the bag falls to 25°C, and it is operated under aseptic conditions. There is a loop of bacteria bags, a hole in the middle, bacteria species in the hole; without the loop of the bacteria bag, the bacteria species are crushed and placed on the material surface, with the bacteria species cover the material surface as well, about 15 ~ 20 grams. ?
4. Develop indoor conditions?
(1) Temperature. Initial (after inoculation to 1/4 of mycelium growth) 28°C; mid-term (1/4-to-depth penetration of mycelia) 25°C; later (22°C after hyphae penetration). ?
(2) Humidity. 60% in the initial period; 65% in the middle period; 70% in the latter period.
(3) Carbon dioxide concentration. The carbon dioxide concentration is below 0.3%. ?
(4) Light. No light is needed in the initial and middle stages, and it needs to be cultured in darkness. In the latter period, there must be light, but low light can be used. ?
After inoculation, the culture chamber was incubated in dark for 28°C at room temperature. The separation between the bag and the bag is 3 to 4 cm to ensure good ventilation and heat dissipation. About 15 days after inoculation, the growth of mycelium was accelerated, the respiration was increased, the temperature of the material increased by 2 to 3°C, and the temperature of the culture chamber was decreased by 3°C to 25°C. After the hyphae had basically gone through, the room temperature was reduced to about 22°C to prevent hyphae from growing excessively and the stamina was insufficient. Pre-humidity is maintained at 60%, with high yield and less pollution. The late humidity is 70% and the formation of the favorable primordium is improved. ?
(5) Ventilation. No gas exchange is required in the early stage, and the gas exchange is required in the later period, and the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to be less than 0.3%. ?
(6) Illumination. In the early and middle stages, it is better to cultivate with darkness. If the light is irradiated during this period, the surface of the bag will turn light brown and the primordium formation will be slow or even impossible.
5. The primordium is formed in the later period of culture and given a certain amount of light. Under the condition of weak light (about 50 lux), there will be hyphae formation on the surface of the culture material, showing a bread-like bulge. The ridges will be wrinkled. The color changes from grayish white to dark brown, and there is a condensation of water droplets. At this time, it should move into the mushroom room. In order to promote the formation of the original base as much as possible, in the later period of culture, temperature change treatment is performed, that is, 2 to 3° C., so that the primordium is uniformly formed. The hyphae on the surface of the culture material, such as a knot-shaped film without a bow-like bulge, may be due to excessive light during the initial period of culture or sterilization of the culture material.
6. Mushroom Management After removing the mushroom room for about 2 to 3 days, remove the bottle cover. If the bag base does not form a single piece, leave the largest piece and remove the rest. If the pouch is opened completely, the primordium of the bacterium may be differentiated into multiple fruit bodies, and the fruit body is small and the quality is reduced.
(1) Temperature. The fruiting body has a fertility temperature range of 12 to 24°C. If it grows faster than 20°C, the meat will lose its elasticity and its quality will decline. Suitable temperature 16 ~ 18 °C, the growth period is relatively longer, but the meat is good, elastic and tough. ?
(2) Humidity. Use a timed humidifier to keep the mist in the air for a long time, maintain the humidity of 85% to 95%, to meet the water requirement for the growth of Grifola frondosa, but not too wet. The water surface of the bacteria bed will cause bacterial contamination, and the fruiting body will rot. If the humidity is lower than 85%, it will grow slowly and even stop growing. ?
(3) Light. Must ensure that the light is moderate, in order to avoid discoloration of the fruit body, the appropriate light intensity 200 ~ 500 lux. ?
(4) Carbon dioxide concentration. The indoor carbon dioxide concentration must be below 1500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg is the best, and if it exceeds 1500 mg/kg, the fruit body becomes thinner, smaller, and softer, so proper ventilation is required.
7. The harvested mushroom room was cultured for 15 to 20 days, and the fruiting body cover had been fully expanded, and was harvested at the initial stage of formation of the surface tube hole. Premature harvesting affects yield, too late harvesting, and curling of the caps, which affects the quality of the product. Grifola frondosa has a brittle texture and is easy to break. Pay attention to carelessness. Grifola frondosa products can be freshly sold, and can also be dried or processed into brine mushrooms for sale.
Second, natural cultivation method?
Natural cultivation is divided into two kinds of cultivation and wood cultivation. The cultivation of bacterium bed is to immerse the fungal bed into which the mycelium has penetrated, and cover the soil, and harvest it in autumn. It is usually the use of a mushroom bed that has had a mushroom in the greenhouse. Log cultivation is the use of short wooden sticks, wooden blocks, bagging, sterilization, inoculation, cultivation, and let it through the hyphae buried in soil, covered with thin soil. Naturally cultivated ash tree flowers are thicker and tougher than the ones cultivated in the greenhouse, and the fruit body has a darker surface and a stronger aroma. ?
1. Cultivation of bacterial beds?
(1) Bacteria bed (bag). It is also possible to make use of the waste mushroom bed that has passed a tidal mushroom. The mushroom farm selects about 80% of the shade of the forest or covers the shade. (2) buried bed. During the period of July-August, when the bacteria bed was removed from the plastic bag, 2 or 3 bacteria beds were buried close together, one hole and two holes, and the distance between the points was 20 cm and 20 cm, and the surface covered with soil was 3 to 5 cm thick. Conical, covered with dead leaves 2 cm, keeping the topsoil moist. ?
(3) Management. In summer, due to high temperatures and rapid evaporation of water, we must constantly check the soil moisture. Insufficient soil moisture should be sprinkled to remove surface weeds. After the primordium is formed, it is necessary to cover the film to increase the humidity and prevent it from splashing on the soil when it rains. ?
(4) Harvesting. The fruiting primordium can grow and harvest after 15 to 20 days of growth. ?
2. Log cultivation?
(1) Material selection. Using old branches, the saw grows 1-5 centimeters and is soaked with water that the shoots have a moisture content of 75%. ?
(2) bagging. A 17 cm 33 cm (0.04 to 0.055) mm polypropylene bag was used. The interior void of the bag was filled with wood chips and the bag mouth collar was capped. ?
(3) Sterilization. The pressure is maintained at 100°C for 8 to 10 hours; the high pressure is maintained at 121°C for 2 hours. ?
(4) Inoculation culture. The inoculation period is from December to April. After inoculation at 15 to 20°C, the mycelium growth will be faster. After April, the natural temperature will be sufficient. ?
(5) Buried soil. The time is from May to June. Remove the bacteria bag plastic. One or two holes are buried together. One hole and two holes. The distance between the hole is 20 cm and 20 cm. The cover soil thickness is 3 to 5 cm. The top of the hole is conical. , then cover the leaves 2 cm. ?
(6) Management. Harvesting methods are the same as above, and log cultivation can be harvested for 3 to 5 years. Therefore, after harvesting, the environment should be cleaned to prevent pests and diseases.