Glutinous rice, also known as medicinal rice or alfalfa, is highly nutritious and often referred to as the "king of the world" due to its rich nutrient profile. It contains 17-18.7% protein, which is more than double that of regular rice, and 11.7% fat, five times higher than white rice. Additionally, it is packed with vitamins, particularly vitamin B1, with 33 micrograms per 100 grams. This grain can be used in porridge or soups, offering both nourishment and satisfaction. According to ancient texts like the *Compendium of Materia Medica* and *Ben Cao Jing Shu*, glutinous rice is believed to strengthen the stomach, bones, and muscles, help with rheumatism, reduce swelling, clear lung heat, and aid in treating conditions such as weak digestion, tuberculosis, and joint pain. Coix seed oil has been shown to stimulate breathing, dilate pulmonary blood vessels, and reduce muscle contractions and nerve paralysis. The leaves can also be brewed into a fragrant and mellow tea.
In recent years, a new type of grain-medicine grass crop called Radon has been introduced in Zhejiang Province. Its bran is highly nutritious and can be used as feed for laying hens. Another high-yield medicinal plant, Ligusticum, yields about 300 to 500 kilograms per mu. The yield from adlay and alfalfa roots can reach 3,000 to 5,000 yuan per mu, with a net profit of up to 2,500 to 4,600 yuan per mu. Here are some key cultivation techniques:
**Soil Preparation**
Before planting, legumes, potatoes, or cotton should be rotated with grass crops. Apply 3,000–5,000 kg of farmyard manure, 10–15 kg of urea, 15–25 kg of superphosphate, and 10 kg of potassium chloride per mu. Plow deeply to about 30 cm and broadcast seeds after sowing.
**Sowing Methods**
There are two main methods: transplanting and direct sowing. Choose varieties like Han No. 1, Jilin Black Tiger No. 3, or noodles. Before sowing, select healthy seeds by rinsing them and removing empty, immature, or discolored ones. Treat seeds with 75% pentachloronitrobenzene (0.5 kg per 100 kg) or 0.4% triadimefon or carbendazim for 3 hours to prevent smut.
**Sowing Dates**
Early maturing varieties are planted in mid-March, medium varieties in late March to early April, and late varieties in late April to early May. For broadcasting, use drills with 33–60 cm spacing, 6–8 cm depth, and cover with 3 cm of soil. Use 3 kg of seeds per acre. For hole sowing, dig holes 20–25 cm apart, 3–4 cm deep, and place 3–4 seeds per hole.
**Transplanting Seedlings**
Use 500 kg of human excrement as base fertilizer, sow thinly, and cover with 1.5 cm of soil. Cover with mulch until seedlings emerge. Transplant on cloudy or rainy days when seedlings are 30–35 days old, 12–15 cm tall, with 3–5 leaves. Plant 45 cm x 45 cm spacing, placing 3–4 seedlings per hole.
**Field Management**
After 2–3 true leaves appear, thin out the seedlings to 3–6 cm spacing. At 5–6 true leaves, space them 20–25 cm apart. Cultivate and weed when the plants are 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm tall. Spray 72% 2,4-D butyl ester at 25–50 g per half a liter every 15 days for 2–3 times.
**Fertilizer and Water Management**
Apply 1,000–1,500 kg of diluted human urine when seedlings are 10 cm tall. Add 5 kg of potassium chloride or 15 kg of superphosphate when they reach 30 cm. Apply 20 kg of diammonium phosphate before flowering. Use 2–3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate as a foliar spray during the growing season.
**Growth Regulators**
Spray 1,500 mg/kg of BA solution on the foliage and stems during mid-tillering and mid-jointing stages to promote dwarfing, increase tillers, and prevent lodging.
**Artificial Pollination**
Shake the upper parts of the plants every 3–4 days during flowering to enhance pollination and increase seed setting rate.
**Removing Lower Leaves**
Remove the lower leaves and ineffective branches to improve air circulation, light penetration, and reduce disease risk.
**Pest Control**
For smut, clean fields after harvest and burn diseased plants. Use triadimefon seed dressing. For leaf blight, apply 65% mancozeb WP at 500 times dilution every 7 days. For corn borers, apply pesticides to the soil before planting and poison the leaves when they open. For insects, spray 40% dimethoate emulsion at 1,000–1,500 times dilution.
**Harvesting**
Harvest when the leaves turn yellow and the grains are brown, typically when 80% of the seeds are mature.
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