Ascites in broilers, also known as heart failure syndrome or broiler ascites syndrome, is a serious condition that affects poultry farming. It is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, which can lead to severe health issues and even death in affected birds. This disease typically occurs around 30 days of age and can cause significant economic losses for farmers due to high mortality rates.
Affected broilers often show signs such as depression, reduced appetite, drooping wings, fluffed-up feathers, and a drowsy posture. Their eyes may appear sunken, and their comb or beak might turn pale or bluish. Some birds may also experience diarrhea. In more severe cases, the skin becomes red, and breathing becomes rapid, although body temperature remains normal.
The most noticeable physical changes include an enlarged abdomen, which feels soft and fluctuant upon touch. When pressed, fluid may be released, and the bird moves awkwardly, resembling a penguin. The condition usually lasts between 1 to 5 days, and early detection is crucial for effective management.
To prevent ascites, it's essential to improve overall flock health and ensure proper ventilation. Regular cleaning of the coop and litter helps reduce harmful gases and dust levels, maintaining good air quality. Sufficient oxygen, appropriate temperatures, and a clean environment are key factors in preventing this condition.
Proper feeding practices also play a vital role. Providing balanced, high-quality feed free from mold is essential. Ensuring adequate levels of vitamins like E and C, along with essential minerals, supports the birds' immune systems. Avoiding excessive use of additives, drugs, and disinfectants helps protect liver and kidney function. Controlling growth rate through feed restriction and reducing light exposure can ease the strain on the heart.
In terms of treatment, medications such as Ascites Net or Ascites Elimination can be used. These are typically mixed in drinking water at a concentration of 0.2% and administered for two consecutive days. Early intervention is important to prevent the condition from worsening.
Traditional Chinese herbal remedies can also be effective. For every 100 broilers, a mixture of 50–100 grams of wolfberry, barberry, psyllium, bupleurum, tangerine peel, and 20–50 grams of yak, mulberry, and cassia twig can be prepared in water. This solution is given once or twice daily for 2–3 days, and milder cases often show improvement or full recovery.
By combining preventive measures, proper nutrition, and timely treatment, farmers can significantly reduce the occurrence and impact of ascites in broiler flocks.
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