Cymbidium hybrid cultivation technology
I. Variety and Characteristics Introduction The large flower whale Latin name is Cymbidium, which is known as Hutoulan, Ximbilan and Yulan. It is a plant of the genus Orchidaceae. Pink series: 'Rui', 'Feng Monroe', 'Nanxu', 'Dream' Biological characteristics: Cymbidium grandiflorum is native to the southwest of China, warm in winter and cool in summer, hi wet and strong in light, and suitable temperature for growth is 10°C to 25°C. The nighttime temperature is about 10°C, especially the flowering period is maintained above 5°C. Below 15°C, the flowering period can be extended to 4 to 5 months. The flowering period varies from October to April in the second year depending on the species. Industrial cultivation takes 3 years from tissue culture to flowering. The Cymbidium has cue balls, sub-balls, and grand balls. Among them, the Sun ball has the longest speed, and the large-flowered Cymbidium hi-lights. It can withstand 50,000 to 70,000 lux. Grading criteria: different varieties, different traits, but generally follow the following grading standards: Grade A: Plant height 80 to 120 cm, 4 to 5 flower arrows, 15 to 20 flowers per arrow. At the same time, it can be divided into large flower series (flower diameter 8 to 10 cm), medium flower series (6 to 8 cm), and small flower series (4 to 5 cm) depending on the size of the flower path. Second, the cultivation process It usually takes 3 to 4 years from the bottle to the flowering of the tissue culture plant. The growth cycle is as follows: Third, the cultivation conditions 2. Light: The optimum light intensity for growth is from 15,000 to 40,000 lux, and the maximum light intensity is preferably less than 70,000 lux. 3. Air humidity: very wet, but pay attention to ventilation, otherwise easy to get anthrax, seedlings humidity should be 80% to 90%, medium and large seedlings moisture should be 60% to 85%. 4 fertilizer water: 5. Diseases and pests: Other commonly used insecticides are: 2000 times Kezi Te, 6000 times Fuxing, 2000 times Dimethoate, 3000 times E Formin Remarks: In order to save manpower and material resources to achieve the best control effect, pesticides that do not have chemical reactions can usually be combined and used. For specific mixing conditions, please refer to the following combinations: 6. Dwarf application technology: In Japan, in order to increase the production efficiency and reduce the unit area - making the leaves shorter, the method of pouring paclobutrazol (PP333) is generally used. Leaves 50 to 60 cm long are the most suitable. Without dwarfing agent it is 70 to 80 cm long. Watering method: When the blade length is 30 to 40 cm, dwarfing technique is applied and the effect is best. In the period from February to March, paclobutrazol should be used for irrigation from 10 ppm to 30 ppm. It is possible that special varietal species may be treated twice and most species may be treated once. Inhibition of growth of about 10 cm, the flower stem will be reduced accordingly, but it will feel a large proportion of flowers, flowers 10 to 20 cm higher than the leaves, a strong sense of balance, good viewing effect. Fourth, cultivation technology 6. Flowering mechanism of Cymbidium: V. Precautions Mustard Products,Dried Mustard Powder,Dry Mustard Powder,Mustard Sauce Paste NINGXIA KOFOLON INTERNATIONAL CO.,LTD. , https://www.kofolon.com
Morphological characteristics: Cymbidium grandiflorum is a perennial herb. The pseudobulb is oval and thick. Leaf length 50 to 80 cm, leaf width 2 to 4 cm, plant height 60 to 150 cm, calyx 40 to 150 cm, leaf color light green to dark green, standard flower stem 3 to 5 per pot, each Supports 6 to 20 flowers. Among them, green varieties are more scented.
Popular species: Cultivars of Cymbidium grandiflora are mainly from Japan and South Korea. In recent years, many domestic units have also begun to research breed selection, tissue culture techniques, and cultivation techniques. At present, there are several types of major popular varieties:
Green Series: 'Jasper', 'Mirage' (aroma), 'Waltz' (Fragrance), 'Yuzen'
Yellow Series: 'Sunset' (Fragrance), 'Moon', 'UFO'
White Series: 'Glacier' (hanging), 'dawn'
Grade B: Plant height 60-80 cm, 3 to 4 flower arrows, 10 to 14 flowers per arrow.
Grade C: Plant height 40 to 50 cm, 1 to 2 flower arrows, 6 to 9 flowers per arrow.
The tissue culture seedlings were placed in 50- or 66-well plugs after the bottles were bottled, and the substrate was sphagnum moss and cultured for 2 months.
88 Black nutrient pods, bark of the substrate, cultured for 5 months.
1212 black nutrient pods, bark substrate, padding stones, cultured for 7 months.
1518 Black nutrient pods, bark base, padding stones, cultured for 5 to 7 months.
1822 Rigid plastic basins with bark and base stones for 12 to 15 months.
1. Temperature: The optimum temperature for growth is 10°C to 30°C, but the high temperature resistance is higher than that of Phalaenopsis. The temperature difference between day and night is better than 8°C.
Fertilizer: The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the growing season was 1:1:1, and the ratio of the flowering period was 1:2:2 to 3. The pH of the fertilizer solution was 5.8 to. 6.2.
In general, the frequency of fertilization for seedlings is 3,500 to 4,000 times, that for medium and large seedlings is 2,000 to 3,500 times, and 1 to 2 times/day in summer (alternating use of water and fertilizers), and that in other seasons it is usually 3 days.
Watering: watering once a day in May and September, watering twice a day in July and August, and pouring water once every two to ten days from April to August, before and after noon. The number of waterings varies depending on the size of the seedlings and weather conditions.
Organic fertilizer: Apply organic fertilizer once a month from the bottle of tissue culture seedlings to flowering. During the growing period, bean cake: bone meal 2:1, pure bone meal is applied during the flowering period. Organic fertilizers cannot be applied to roots and cannot be higher than nutrient gargles. If bone powder is too large, it can be rinsed with water. It is best to stop using organic fertilizer in winter. The amount of application in different periods is as follows:
50 holes/66 holes: 0.5 g/hole
8 cm 8 cm nutrition: 1 to 2 g/pot
12cm 12cm nutrition é’µ: 7-9g/pot
15cm 18cm Nutrition Tray: 12 to 15g/pot
18 cm 22 cm flower pot: 15 to 20 g/pot long-acting slow-release fertilizer: Long-acting slow-release fertilizer is also widely used in Cymbidium hybrids, usually using the N:P:K=13:11:13 model. , valid for 3 months or 6 months. Only 1 month after the start of the release of nutrients, so in this one month to protect the supply of fertilizer, long-term slow-release fertilizer is generally 2 to 3 grams of seedlings, 6 grams of seedlings, 18 grams of large seedlings ranging.
(1) Fungal anthrax occurs at the tip of the leaf, the edge of the lesion is dark brown and gray in the middle. It is mostly caused by high temperature, high humidity, and poor ventilation. The lesion should be cut off in time and be used for spraying. Common agents, 1000 times mancozeb, 1000 times to kill. The following agents are commonly used for other fungal diseases: 1,000 times chlorothalonil, 800 times ryosporium, and 800 times metalaxyl.
(2) Bacterial diseases: The following agents are commonly used: 6000 times of agricultural streptomycin sulfate, 300PPM of agricultural streptomycin, and 800 times of Jinggangmycin. Heavy sorghum, long-term cultivation, soft rot disease will be severe. In the seedling stage, this disease will not occur. Generally, by the third year, when the flower buds reach a length of 20 to 30 cm, they suddenly find that bulbs will rot and they will also occur in the mountains. This can only be destroyed completely, otherwise it will lead to infection. If the timely treatment of environmental sanitation and drug control will play a suppressive role.
(3) Insect pests; cockroaches, leafhoppers, commonly used agents: cockroach killer, trichloric insecticide. In June-September, when there is severe hemorrhoids, when the ventilation is poor, they are mostly hidden in the back of the leaves and endanger the root system. Limes in the brick joints and then spray water to kill a large number of adults. At the same time, longevity flowers and blue can be used. Particles killer. The leafhoppers occur on the back of the leaves. The drugs are generally on the front, so they must be started from the back of the leaves.
1200 Sancha Copper +1300 Effectiveness +6000 Agricultural Streptomycin Sulfate (For Prevention of Fungal and Bacterial Diseases)
500 Carbendazim + 800 Jinggangmycin + 2000g Quewei Seedlings (Fungi, Bacteria, and Mites)
1,000 kills (mainly bacterial diseases, also effective for fungi)
300PPM Agricultural Streptomycin + 8000 Lucky Star (Bacteria and Insect Pests)
800 chlorothalonil+2666 Hydratetracycline (fungi and bacteria)
4000 Manganese + 800 Jinggangmycin (Scorpion and Bacteria)
1200 hydrated mycin + 800 tocopherol (bacteria and fungi)
800 torr +300PPM agricultural chain (fungi and bacteria)
800 easy protection (fungus, bacteria and kill)
1,000 chlorothalonil + 1000 can be killed (control of fungal diseases)
500 Carbendazim + 800 Metalaxyl Seedlings (Fungal Diseases)
800 Metalaxyl +1600 Benomyl +1300 enemy kills (fungi and cockroaches)
6000 Fuxing (insecticide)
8000 Fuxing + 800 chlorothalonil (insect and fungal diseases)
800 Rhododendron + 800 fork + 2000 imidacloprid (for viruses, fungi and aphids)
More than 300 antibiotics + 1875 spot latrine seedlings (bacterial disease and leaf miner)
2000 enemy killed + 800 metalaxyl (sputum and fungal diseases)
100PPM Gibberellin (promotes growth)
800 metalaxyl + 800 manganese bacteria dip blade (blade disinfection)
1500 enemy kills +2000 dichlorvos +2000 dimethoate
3000 efford (antimony laurel and locust active ingredient is avermectin)
Trisodium phosphate is effective against viruses
7. Flowering conditions: Fertilizer, light, and temperature are the key factors for flowering. In the third year, from June to October, flowering time, organic fertilizer is used for pure bone meal, inorganic fertilizer increases the proportion of potash fertilizer, light is greater than 15,000 lux, and temperature difference between day and night is greater than 10°C.
1. Medium: The 50-well plug is made of sphagnum moss, which requires 800 to 1000 times of thiophanate-methyl, chlorbuturon, or carbendazim to soak for 2 to 4 hours. The old water-solubilization prolongs 1 to 2 hours after noon dipping. Available. Tissue culture rooting seedlings: with a bottle in the greenhouse for 1-3 days, the summer must be placed in a cool place to consolidate the seedlings, remove the seedlings from the tissue culture bottle before removing the seedlings, remove the culture medium, wash with clean water, and then in the 800 times carbendazim The solution was washed and the seedlings were divided into three grades of large, medium, and small seedlings. The 50-hole plug tray was used and the leaves were sprayed on the plug for half a month. The EC value was 0.8 to 0.9. Frequent spraying was required within 15 days after the plug. And often pay water, leaf fertilizer to NPK 20:20:20 can be, tissue culture seedlings grow one year to meet the standard of seedlings, in this year to maintain a single bud (also known as cue ball). The plug seedlings are cultured for 2 to 3 months, and they can be fed with nutrient barium 88. At this time, fine bark can be used as a substrate. The bark application standard is: when the seedlings are used, bark of 2 to 5 mm is used, and when seedlings are used 5 to 10 mm bark, 8 to 18 mm bark used for large seedlings. The bark must be purchased with low salt content. If the tree belt has a lot of salt, it will cause many symptoms of Cymbidium: Yellowing gradually from the tip of the leaf, mainly the performance of sodium chloride, but the fertilizer is too thick The same symptoms.
2. Sparse buds: Among 88 and 1212 nutrient crops, only spring buds are left, and autumn buds are not left (September to December is the best sparse bud time), buds are sparse with thinning scissors, sparse buds 2 sub-balls/pots Symmetry to stay the best, when the bud grow to 5 cm for budding is the most appropriate. Lateral buds have no roots before 15 cm in length and roots after 15 cm. Different buds use different buds.
3. Adult plantlets: 15 cm 18 cm and 18 cm 22 cm nutrient bowls. The seedlings of this stage apply organic fertilizer 15g/pot every month. As the seedlings grow, 18 to 20 grams per pot per month. After only 12 months, only bone meal was applied, and budding was continued until October. The number of flowering bulbs was determined from November to January. Large flowers: 1 medium stem, 2 flowering stems; medium flower: medium stem 2 pieces, 3 flowering stems.
4. Flowering Strain Cultivation: (Third year) The nighttime temperature from January to June is 15°C to 20°C, and the daily temperature is 23°C to 25°C. Nitrogen is the main component, and potassium is supplemented. From June to October, the night temperature is 10°C to 15°C, and the daily temperature is 20°C to 25°C. After November, the night temperature is 10°C to 15°C and the daily temperature is 20°C. From February to April, 10 grams of organic fertilizer was applied per month (beancake: bone meal 2:1). After April, organic fertilizer was applied for 14 grams per pot. From June to October, the temperature difference was increased. The main application of bone meal was about 15 grams per pot. After emergence of flower buds, organic fertilizer was immediately stopped. After 11 months, flowering spikes formed. After the arrow was determined, all newly emerged buds were wiped out. Flower buds can be seen at the end of October. If there is too much nutrients for nitrogen, the leaves and buds should be broken. Arrows are made of 5 mm diameter foreskin wires and are erected when the flower buds grow to 15 cm. The lowest part of the tied flower arrow is 10 centimeters, 6 to 8 centimeters apart. Generally, 80 centimeters and 100 centimeters long and 0.45 centimeters thick wire are selected.
5. Flowering timing adjustment technology:
(1) Temperature: From June to October, during the day from 20°C to 25°C and at night from 10°C to 15°C, the high temperature is not conducive to flower bud differentiation, but it can be short-lived and must have a large temperature difference between day and night.
(2) Light: Strong light can increase flowering rate, but too strong will cause young flower buds to die.
(3) Water control: Appropriate control of water during floral bud development can promote flower bud differentiation and inflorescence formation.
(4) C/N ratio: Wipe buds and increase the ratio of P and K throughout the year.
(5) Selective fertilization: From January to June, NP, K balanced fertilizer; 6 to 10 increased P, K ratio (6) Flowers of Cymbidium: flowering nutrient deficiency or high temperature or temperature difference greater than 10 °C can cause falling flowers Thunder. The dark flowers are hi and strong, and under the low light, they are prone to drooping.
(7) The high mountains above 1000 meters above sea level: The summer protection measures (such as rainwater) basically do not need to be used in open-air cultivation. Only one layer of shade net is needed. Under high temperature, large-scale Cymbidium needs large amounts of water. Adequate water supply.
(1) Growth and flowering habits: There are no axillary buds at the base of bulbs from 1 to 2 and the flowering stems are generally taken from 2 to 4 knots of the bulbs. The germination of buds is mainly controlled by temperature, and it usually takes 8 to 12 months from the sprouting of sprouts to the end of pseudobulb hypertrophy. . Long daylight, high temperature, high light intensity, and multiple fertilizers can promote the growth of new shoots. However, when the temperature is high and many fertilizers are used, the expansion of the bulbs is affected. After June, the elongation of the plant height slowly stops, the flower buds begin to form, and the inflorescence begins from the apical bud hypertrophy. 2 The inflorescence differentiation can be completed in a month. If the temperature is controlled at about 15 degrees, it will develop smoothly after the inflorescence differentiation is completed. Until the flower stems elongate and flower, the early varieties will bloom from September to November, the mid-season varieties will bloom from December to January, and the late varieties It blooms from January to April.
(2) Correlation between flower bud formation and light conditions: Inflorescences do not form under the short-day conditions of poor growth of new stems, and the light is strong: the leaves are short, the bulbs are large and full, and the number of flower buds is many. However, it is not affected by the light intensity during flower bud differentiation and flower quality.
(3) Flower bud differentiation and flowering are related to temperature conditions: 20°C to 25°C during the day and 10°C to 15°C during the night are the optimal temperature for flower bud differentiation and formation. If the temperature is too high, pollen formation will be hindered and the entire inflorescence will die. In general, stem elongation and flowering temperatures are around 15°C. If the daytime is greater than 30°C and the nighttime is greater than 20°C, the formation of inflorescences is affected. After 60 days of high temperature, the development of inflorescences is completely terminated. Inflorescences above 3 cm are more susceptible to high temperatures than inflorescences below 3 cm. Flower bud differentiation will depend on sprouts sooner or later. The leaves stop long morning and evening and bulbs hypertrophy sooner or later.
1. Cymbidium Cymbidium transportation temperature: Guaranteed above 5 °C, if the bracts and leaves yellow, it may be frost damage.
2. Imported Cymbidium standard: Cymbidium grandiflorum imported from Japan and South Korea generally requires 60 to 80 cm in height, 15 to 20 flowers per arrow, 3 to 5 arrows per pot, and every arrow blossoms. Degree 50% to 80%, the difference in the arrow height between each pot does not exceed 5 cm.
3. Daphne phalaenopsis orchid maintenance: optimum flowering temperature 8 °C to 15 °C, can not be placed next to high temperature and dry heating, flowering 3 days watering, prolonged 2 °C to 3 °C low temperature flowers occur frost damage, The calyx turns yellow and cannot be opened. The viewing period is 50 to 80 days.
Beijing Linda Forestry Technology Co., Ltd. Ruan Wendong