White shrimp breeding in Taiwan
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First, white shrimp breeding in Taiwan 1.1985 introduced by the Agricultural Committee, allocated three breeding. As grass and shrimp were raised for other reasons at the time, they would not continue to raise and promote. 2.1995 Due to the difficulty of raising the shrimp, it was imported by the industry and kept in small amount in the south. The survival rate was about 6-70%; the survival rate in 1996 was reduced to about 50%; the survival rate in 1997 was even lower, and it was about 2 in the seven-unit area. 30%. 3. In 1998, there was no typhoon struck in the weather. Due to the advancement in breeding techniques, the survival rate was 6-8 percent, and after 2 months of storage, it reached 50-60 pounds. Therefore, the production boom reached 10,000 tons. 4. From 1998 to February 1999, due to typhoon and temperature drop, coupled with poor seedlings, the survival rate did not exceed 20% during this period. 5. In the spring of 1999, due to the mass production of shrimp seedlings, the price of seedlings fell gradually from 6 to 13 cents, from 1 to 3, and 1 to 10 cents at each end. The future is worth noting. Second, the white shrimp demand for water quality (1) the water temperature can be cultured at 23-32 °C, but the optimum temperature is 18-30 °C, 18 °C feed stop tons, 9 °C death. (2) Salinity can be cultivated at 5-4 ‰, but the optimum salinity is 10-25 ‰. If the salinity is gradually reduced, the salinity can be tolerated to 2% (3) PH is optimal at 8.0+-0.3, if pH Ineffective 7.0 is affected. (4) Dissolved oxygen above 4PPm, no lower than 2PPm (5) Chemical oxygen demand within 5-30ppm (6) Transparency 35 + - 5cm (7) Aqua green or reddish brown (8) Nutrient phosphate 0.1-0.3mg/L decanoate 2.0mg/L Ammoniacal nitrogen below 0.4mg/L Nitrogen and phosphorus can produce larger algae (9) Exotic bacteria 103-4 III. Breeding management 1. Buy fine or Certified shrimp, it is best to naturally mate the producer and prevent other shrimp species from mixing in. 2. The stocking density is 4-51.5 million tails per hectare. 3. It is best to maintain a depth of 1.5-2.0 meters, with 10 centimeters of mud at the bottom. 4. The best watermill is more than 20HP per hectare. 5. Normal shrimp ponds change the water daily by 10-30% and the output is 10 metric tons smaller. If you change the water daily by 60-100%, the output will be 17-20 metric tons. If you change the water 7 times a day, it can reach 50-100 metric tons. 6. Feed 2-4 times a day, eat 70-80% in the evening, 20-30% in the day, and eat 50% in the evening at 8:00. 7. Feeding grass and shrimp can be done. Four times a day is 1.6-1.8 times faster than secondary feeding. 8. The FCR is between 0.85-1.6, machine density, size of the breeding period 9. The feeding time is controlled between 1-1.5 hours. Daily doses were 6.4% at 10 grams, 4 stones at 15 grams, and 3.2% at 20 grams or more. 10. White shrimp grows at an average of 9-12 grams in 2 months in the summer, 8-10 grams in the winter, and 15-18 grams in 3 months. The growth rate is 2 grams per week. 11. The maximum production of shrimp from Taiwan is 15 metric tons per hectare and about 20 metric tons of blue shrimp. D. Diseases of shrimp (white shrimp) in the Americas The study of white shrimp disease is more advanced than that of shrimp, especially in terms of viruses. Table 1 is the disease of white shrimp that is the main change. At present, viral diseases are the most serious, and IHHNV leukoplakia and taura virus are the most serious. Last year, the bacterial NHP also caused losses to white shrimp in Texas, USA. V. Pool shrimp health and shrimp pond environment determination method From the last few years of successful experience of shrimp inability and some fruits, it is known that the correct, delicate and outdated strains of careful management are still the only methods for the success of shrimp farming. In the past, the traditional shrimp-raising method or the luck-raising shrimp method that has been rushed into the market because of the high shrimp prices, has been able to provide shrimp with a successful and profitable opportunity, which has been reduced to a minimum. The so-called excellent management method is to understand some of the normal or emergency effective measures adopted after understanding the environment of shrimp ponds and the health of ponds and shrimps in order to maintain the minimum demand for the continued growth of cultured shrimps. Therefore, understanding the health of pond shrimp and the environment of shrimp pond should be the focus and basis of its follow-up management. The judging method will be described as follows. Those who are marked with an O mark in front of each item indicate that they have good health or a stable environment, which is conducive to the growth of shrimps. On the other hand, those who are marked with an x ​​mark are considered to be unhealthy. The pool shrimp and shrimp ponds should seek solutions as soon as possible, otherwise they will definitely lose their credit. As for the sign marked with t, depending on other circumstances, it is more complicated. This section can refer to the report of the fish farming world in March 1998. Sixth, the new concept of shrimp pond management and cask effect (1) genetic improvement of white shrimp (selection) including maturation, spawning, disease resistance and growth promotion, has achieved good results. (2) The correct theory of the interaction between the environment, fish and disease. (3) Effect of wood chips in barrels managed by shrimp ponds.