Water and fertilizer management and pest control measures of direct seeding rice in Changfeng County

The live broadcast rice in Changfeng County has live broadcast, dry live broadcast, dry seed and other live broadcast methods. The sowing method is a little broadcast, spread and broadcast. The local direct seeding rice cultivation process also has problems such as difficulty in controlling planting density, easy lodging of direct seeding rice, complicated and varied types of weeds in rice fields, and difficulties in controlling pests and diseases. The water and fertilizer management and pest control measures of live broadcast rice in Changfeng County are summarized as follows for your reference.

1 Scientific water management

The management of water during the whole growth period of direct seeding rice should follow the principle of “dry dry wet and wet, supplemented by shallow water cover”.

1.1 Wet management

Wet irrigation is carried out from the sowing to the three-leaf stage, and irrigation is necessary to keep the surface moist and not water. In dry weather, water should be poured in time, and in rainy days, drainage should be done to prevent rotten species. After the rice seedlings are planted, the horses are swayed on a sunny day.

1.2 thin water layer irrigation

A thin water layer is established after the three-leaf stage of the seedlings, which is beneficial to the direct seeding of rice to promote tillering and inhibit the emergence of weeds until the tillering period.

1.3 timely and moderate roasting

When the total number of seedlings in the field reached 80 of the expected number of seedlings, the drainage began to drain the field, and when the crack occurred in the field, the horse was run on the horse and then the field was lightly placed. Moderate roasting of the field, control of the occurrence of secondary tillers, can not only control the nutrient loss caused by ineffective tillering, but also promote deep rooting of rice roots, prevent late lodging, reduce the microclimate environment humidity in the field, and reduce the occurrence of sheath blight and leaf blast. It should be noted that the rice is no longer watered one week before the ripening of the live rice, ready for harvesting, and the baking field cannot be re-baked once.

2 scientific and rational fertilization

In the management of fertilization, it adopts “pre-promotion (promoting tillering, promoting growth and development), medium-term control (controlling ineffective tillering, controlling madness, preventing population density from being too large, preventing lodging), and supplementing later (increasing the seed setting rate, preventing premature aging, not greed) , live to the old)" that is, "pre-heavy, light, multiple, limited" fertilization principles. Appropriately control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promote deep roots, strong stalks, large ears, anti-caution, anti-corruption, anti-falling, anti-premature aging.

2.1 Re-application of base fertilizer

The total growth period of direct seeding rice is 40-50% of total nitrogen fertilizer, 15 t/hm 2 of organic fertilizer, 375-450 kg/hm 2 of ammonium carbonate or 150 kg/hm 2 of urea, and 375-450 kg of superphosphate. Hm 2 and potassium chloride 90~105 kg/hm 2 . For zinc-deficient fields, zinc sulphate is applied once every 1-2 years, about 30 kg/hm 2 each time.

2.2 top dressing

Topdressing should master the principle of “small fat, early and sweet”. The split fertilizer is generally applied in two times. The first application of urea in the three-leaf stage is 60-75 kg/hm 2 ; 7-10 days after fertilization, and the application of urea is 7.5~112.5 kg/hm 2 . Spike fertilizer can be applied to 75 kg/hm 2 of urea 25 days and 18 days before heading.

3 pest control

3.1 Rice sheath blight

Control methods: use disease-resistant varieties, eliminate highly susceptible varieties; health care cultivation, apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;

Control agents: 5% of Jinggangmycin 2 250~3 000 mL/hm 2 , 25% of emulsifiable milk 375~525 mL/hm 2 , 36% of powdery mildew 1 500 g/hm 2 , etc. Apply more than 2-3 times in heavy or rainy days, and the interval between application is 7-10 days.

3.2 Rice blast

Control methods: use resistant varieties, rotate different varieties of disease-resistant varieties; rational fertilization, irrigation, promote the ripening of rice leaves, enhance disease resistance;

Control agents: 25% of commonly used pharmaceuticals, 750 mL/hm 2 of 20%, and 20% of tricyclic oxalic acid, 900 to 1 200 g/hm 2 , 40%, 1 500 mL/hm 2 of rice bran, 30% The emulsifiable concentrate is 1,500 to 2 250 mL/hm 2 , 40%, and the emulsifiable concentrate is 1500 to 2 250 mL/hm 2 .

3.3 Rice smut

Control methods: use resistant varieties; improve fertilization techniques, adopt formula fertilization, use panicle fertilizer with caution; chemical control, 15 days before the break of direct seeding rice is the best application period for pesticide control rice false smut.

Control agents: 5% of commonly used agents Jinggangmycin water 3 000 g / hm 2 + 50% carbendazim 1 500 g / hm 2, 25% amide amide 900 g / hm 2, 36% more · ketone 2 250 g /hm 2 , 50% DT wettable powder 1 500～2 250 g/hm 2 , 14% lycopene copper agent 3 750 g/hm 2 , watering 750 kg/hm 2 spray control.

3.4 Sanhua

Control methods: irrigation and killing: during the flood season, irrigation and flooding of rice piles for 2-3 days; cultivation and avoidance: optimize the variety layout and sowing period, predict the occurrence time of the stem borer, and miss the rice pests during the incubation period of the stem borer During the growth period, the purpose of avoiding harm is achieved; physical control: using frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to trap adult insects; chemical control: pre-press, post-control, seedling, and preservative.

Control agents: The main agents are triazophos, insecticidal double, insecticidal single, killing pine, Kang Kuan and so on.

3.5 Chilo suppressalis

Control methods: reduce the residual amount of rice piles by ploughing and planting or shallow rotation, eliminate the overwintering insect source; physical control: trapping adult insects; chemical control: adopt the principle of prevention and treatment of the first generation and the second generation.

Control agents: The main agents are triazophos, insecticidal doubles, insecticidal tablets, and chlorpyrifos.

3.6 Daxie

Control method: physical control: use frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp to trap adult insects; chemical control: pre-press, post-control, seedling, and preservative.

Control agents: The main agents are triazophos, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, acephate, Bt, insecticidal, insecticidal and so on. It can also be sprayed with 50% chlorpyrifos 1 500 mL/hm 2 and water 750 kg/hm 2 .

3.7 Rice leaf roller

Control methods: agricultural control: selection of resistant (resistant) insect varieties, strengthening of fertilizer and water management; chemical control: prevention and control period is the peak period of egg hatching to the first instar larvae, adopting the second generation of Zhizhi, the third generation of Qiaozhi, and the four generations of comprehensive treatment Preventive measures.

Control agents: The main agents are triazophos, insecticidal double, insecticidal single, killing pine, Kang Kuan and so on.

3.8 Brown planthopper

Control methods: promote the production of high-resistance and insect-resistant products; protect and use natural enemies such as rice field spiders, black-shouldered green blind cockroaches; do a good job in pest investigation, check the age of the insects, determine the appropriate period of control; check the density of the insects, determine the target field; Nymphs use drugs during the prosperous period.

Control agents: The agents include acesulfame, buprofezin, and acaricides.

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