The sudden emergence of biofuels (science and technology)
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In the international market where oil prices continue to remain at high prices, countries have turned their attention to renewable energy sources, of which biofuels are favored by people. Biofuels are bioenergy and they are biomass-based energy sources. Biomass mainly refers to fuelwood, agricultural and forestry crops, crop residue, animal excrement and household waste. It is estimated that biofuel reserves are extremely large. Only the amount of biofuels that can be produced by plants on Earth each year is equivalent to 20 times the mineral energy consumed by humans each year. Bioenergy, wind energy, and solar energy are all renewable energy sources. Because renewable energy is also called clean energy, which is conducive to the protection of the environment and sustainable development, it has attracted the attention of many countries. Germany currently has 54 million motor vehicles, of which approximately 20,000 use natural gas and 15,000 to 20,000 use liquefied gas. In May last year, the federal government introduced a strategy to promote the use of biofuels and other fuels in the transportation sector. The goal is to reach a biofuel market share of 5.75% by 2010. According to a report from the German Institute of Applied Ecology, by 2030, Germany's 16% of electricity, 10% of heating, and 15% of automotive fuels will all come from bioenergy. From January 1, next year, France will implement a plan to accelerate the development of biofuels. The goal is to substantially increase the production of biofuels in France before 2007, thus making France the largest producer of biofuels in Europe. According to a senior official from the French Ministry of Agriculture, using bioenergy to replace traditional energy sources such as coal and oil will allow France to reduce imports of 11 million tons of oil each year. On the one hand, this will enable France to get rid of dependence on oil to a certain extent, and on the other it will give French agriculture a new development opportunity. Once the relevant plan is implemented, France will use 1 million hectares of crops to produce biofuels, which will surpass Germany and become the largest biofuel producer in Europe. In addition, this move also enabled France to complete the EU's mandate to reduce CO2 emissions. Biofuels have also attracted the interest of many developing countries. Although not able to invest as much as developed countries, many countries have also achieved results through the development of local conditions. India is an example. As early as last year, Indian farmers began planting a plant called Jatropha. The fruit of this plant is the size of a hazelnut, and its oil content is as high as 80%. After being pressed and purified, it produces a clear golden liquid, which is worn by Germany. Miller-Chrysler laboratory tests proved that this Jatropha seed oil clearly outperforms traditional diesel in almost every respect, in particular its sulfur content is very low, there is no odor when burning, and almost no carbon black is produced. In addition, because Jatropha itself is toxic, it can be protected from pests and animals, and can be planted on land that is not easily grown by other plants. Large-scale promotion can make fertile land fertile again. It is precisely because Jatropha can provide high-quality biofuels, and other countries have also begun research projects for jatropha cultivation. This shows that the prospects for the development and utilization of biofuels are very broad. According to the latest report released by the World Wide Fund for Nature, 15% of the electricity in Western industrial countries will come from bio-energy generation by 2020, while bio-energy generation currently accounts for only 1% of the entire electricity production. By that time, the electricity used by 100 million households in the West will come from bioenergy and create about 400,000 jobs for the society.