Significant progress in nanobiotechnology
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Although the application of nanotechnology in the field of life sciences is at the primary research stage, substantial achievements have been made. Nanobiotechnology researchers have focused on four major areas, including: drug delivery, R&D analysis, clinical diagnosis, and pathogen detection. Much of the work has been done in theoretical laboratories, but more and more clinical laboratories, biotech and pharmaceutical companies have joined, such as the recent announcement of several notable results. These are just the tip of the iceberg. The recently released “Nanometer Medical Equipment and Diagnostic Report 2005†found that at present, some companies and research centers have developed 152 kinds of nanomedicine, nanodevices, and nanodiagnostic products. Focusing on practical applications, nano-biotechnology is shifting from purely theoretical research to R&D laboratories and clinical applications. James Baker, founder of the University of Michigan's Bio-Nanotechnology Center, said: “Nanomaterials are already in clinical use, such as nanocrystal silver burn cream. The unique aspect of this material is that small crystals are more crystalline than large particles. It has a large surface area and has a better antibacterial effect.†He also said: “In the next few years, many drugs that are stabilized or already delivered with nanoparticles will also be used in clinical applications.†Industrial upgrading due to life sciences The potential of the field, nanobiotechnology is causing more and more attention of government departments and sellers. From the government's standpoint, this kind of attention can generate more funds and new research motivation. The largest outcome of the organization by the government is the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), which invests in nanotechnology research at various institutions, including the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NNI’s investment has increased year by year in the past few years. In 2004, it was approximately US$961 million, an increase of 11.5% over the 2003 budget. The budget for 2005 was 982 million U.S. dollars, an increase of about 2% from 2004.