Countermeasures against pest resistance of crops
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1. Causes of pest resistance. 1 The single use of a single agent for a long period of time, after several eliminations, preserved a small amount of pests and pathogens with strong resistance to drugs, and continued to multiply to form resistant populations. (2) Pests with short life span, fast growth, large numbers, and large numbers of other species (such as aphids and leafhoppers) and pathogenic bacteria (such as powdery mildew, rust fungus, and P. vinifera, etc.) are more resistant to drug resistance. . These pests reproduce rapidly, have more chances of exposure to chemicals, and produce drug resistance faster. 3 Some pests have their own detoxifying enzyme substances. When a certain pesticide is used for a long time, the detoxification enzyme activity is enhanced, and the drug in the body can be changed from highly toxic to low-toxic or non-toxic, and the drug resistance will naturally increase. The understanding of the toxic effects of pests, that is, drug resistance in vivo. In addition, some insect pests are difficult to penetrate the epidermis of the body under the long-term action of the medicament, and thus become a morphological protective effect, ie, epidermal resistance. Different types of pesticides have significant differences in the degree of resistance to pests. 2. Countermeasures against pest resistance. 1 alternate medication: the prevention of pests do not use the same pesticide for a long time to prevent the formation of drug resistance population. Different types of pesticides with different mechanisms of action should be used, such as organophosphorus pesticides, pyrethroid esters, urethanes, insect growth regulators, and biological pesticides. They can be used alternately or in the same category. Alternating between different varieties of pesticides. Fungicides are used interchangeably in systemic, non-systemic and agricultural antibiotics. This can significantly delay the emergence of pest resistance. 2 Mixed pesticides: The combination of two or three different pesticides with different modes of action can delay the occurrence and development of pest resistance. For example, the mixture of dandan and carbendazim, the combination of trehalose and mancozeb, and the combination of pyrethroid and organic phosphorus all have better effects than using a single agent. Pesticides can be used in combination with the following principles: First, there must be significant synergies; second, no phytotoxicity to plants, toxicity to humans and livestock cannot exceed a single dose; third, the ability to expand control targets; and fourth, reduction. cost. Mixed pesticides can not be used for a long time, otherwise they will also produce drug resistance, and even the pests will produce resistance to multiple pesticides at the same time, and the consequences will be even more serious. There are two kinds of pesticides mixed: First, self-mixing, but must use the current distribution, can not be placed for too long; Second, the factory has been mixed with a good agent. At present, more agents are mixed with: fungicidal compounding, such as Ruiduxue and mancozeb mixed into Ruixin manganese zinc, both protective and therapeutic effects. Mixed insecticides, such as Malathion and fenvalerate mixed Chrysanthemum Emulsion, combines the advantages of two single agents, with stomach poisoning, contact toxicity and systemic absorption, and can prevent and control sputum , cockroaches and many lepidopteran pests. The compounding between herbicides, such as dimethyl tetrachlorine and herbicidal tannin, has both the dual function of internal absorption and contact, and can prolong the efficacy period. In addition, there are pesticides and fungicides mixed, can treat diseases and pests, such as triadimefon and malathion or omethoate or methyl isophosphorus mixed, can be used to treat wheat powdery mildew, rust and aphids, Underground pests. 3 Intermittent use or deactivation of pesticides: Certain pests have developed resistance to a pesticide (eg, omethoate, carbendazim, etc.) and may be decommissioned for a period of time. Replacement of other varieties will result in resistance. Gradually decline, or even disappear, and then continue to use it. In addition, attention should also be paid to scientific drug use, and prevention and control of pests and diseases should be carried out during the critical period to prevent and prolong the life of pesticides.