Cotton "Short Dense" Cultivation Technique
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The main content of the cotton "short dwarf dense" cultivation technology is based on transgenic insect-resistant cotton, using chemical weeding to reduce cultivator, simplification of pruning followed by chemical control, wide-row close planting, water-adjusted fertilizer, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests, etc. Dwarf dense planting, increase production and efficiency of the cultivation goals. The yield index is 200-250 kilograms per 1/15 hectare (1 mu) of production cotton, and the yield structure is: Density 4000-6000 per 1/15 hectare, Number of bells per 1/15 hectare 55,000-60,000, Single boll weight 4.0 to 4.5 grams. The fertility process is: 15th to 20th April sowing film, the end of April for the emergence period, early June for the budding period, early July for the flowering period, late August for the boll opening period, the end of November to pick flowers pull cotton stalks . The main cultivation techniques: First, prepare before planting 1. Use good seeds. The selected varieties should have the following characteristics: good yield, mainly strong bolls; resistance to wilt disease, resistance to verticillium wilt; early maturing or middle maturity in growing season; strong growth potential, good aftergrowth, not premature aging; resistance Good insect resistance, high resistance to cotton bollworm. 2. Apply base fertilizer. Combined with site preparation, one-time application of base fertilizer. Each 1/15 hectare applies 20 kg of urea, 20-25 kg of diammonium and 10-15 kg of potassium chloride. Irrigation and waterlogging The cotton field adopts the method of first fertilizing and then watering. The nutrients will infiltrate with the water, and only need to plow the land without plowing; the method of fertilizing furrows in dryland cotton fields is better. 3. Make your own money. In normal years, there are fewer rain and snow in winter and spring, and there is not enough soil in the bottom. Winter irrigation or early spring irrigation can be used to make the earthworms. Second, seed cover film 1. Chemical weeding. Before sowing, trifluralin or acetochlor is used for spraying and soil mixing, and 100-125 g per 1/15 ha. 2. Line spacing configuration. Use 50cm and 90cm row configurations or 80cm equally spaced rows. 3. Determine the sowing date. Appropriate sowing date before the frost, that is, "cold tail warmer." The suitable sowing date for mid-south mulch cotton is mid-April, and the east of Anhui is between the end of April and the beginning of May. 4. Agricultural machinery operation. Cotton seed coating or chemical seed dressing, using sowing film machine to complete the sowing, filming. Third, seedling management 1. Make up seedlings Dingmiao. In early May, in the absence of seedlings and ridges, transplanting plants will be transplanted early and 2 to 3 true leaves will be planted. Attention will be paid to removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings. 2. Control pests. In the case of a tiger infestation at the time of emergence, 50% phoxim EC may be used as a 1000-time solution or 55% worm-dehydrated 1500-times solution may be used to root, or a WS-type 16 sprayer may be used to turn off the water selection sprinkling. 3. Remove the film early. When the cotton seedlings grow to 4 to 5 leaves, the plastic film is removed. Fourth, the management of Lei Ling period 1. Watering to prevent premature aging. Watering in mid-June is a key measure to prevent premature aging of cotton. The cotton field with insufficient nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer can be combined with 10-15 kg of urea per 1/15 hectare in combination with watering. 2. Simplify pruning. In mid-July, the top of the heart, leaving 11 to 13 fruit branches. The fine pruning of cotton is time-consuming and labor-intensive. It can be controlled and adjusted under appropriate line spacing and density configuration to minimize the pruning operation. 3. Plant shape control. There are two ways to shape a cotton plant: one is to go to the top of the group, and if it gets rainy in July or August, the cotton plant grows long, and the upper part and the top of the vegetative shoots can be removed. The second is the control of diminution, and the amount of diamino amine should be determined according to the characteristics of the varieties, the amount of rain, the growth of cotton plants, and the fertility of the soil. It is even more necessary to control the amount of diaminotoluene-sensitive varieties. The year of control and rainy weather should also be based on the principle of a small number of times and light use of drugs. The general dosage is 1.0 to 1.5 grams per 1/15 hectare during the budding period, 2 to 3 grams for the initial flowering period, and 3 to 4 grams for the flowering period, respectively. Spray 40 to 50 kg of water. Fifth, pest control 2 generation of cotton bollworm generally do not need to control, 3 ~ 4 generation of bollworm should be based on the degree of occurrence of flexible control. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of cotton-lipped stink bugs, red spiders, cotton thrips, cotton cocoons and other pests. Since the large-scale promotion of Bt gene-resistant cotton, Fuxi has aggravated the trend. In mid-May, 20% imidacloprid can be used as solvent to spray 2500-3000 times, 25-30 grams of water per 1/15 hectares, 60-75 kg of water, which can prevent and treat cotton aphid, thrips and blind apes. With 1.8% abamectin 3000 times, 40% hydrazine 2000-3000 times better control of spider mites. When the Helicoverpa armigera is heavy, it can be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis or 5% chlorfluazuron plus cypermethrin 2000 times mixture, or sprayed with 40% profenofos. Sixth, timely harvest in September after the removal of fully opened bolls of tidbits, every 7 to 10 days, defloration, morning picking after the sun for 2 days, afternoon, picking up the sun 1 day, remove the stale petal, graded sale or Save.